Is there a role for colon capsule endoscopy beyond colorectal cancer screening? A literature review

Table 1 Performance of colon capsule endoscopy after incomplete colonoscopy

	n	PillCam Colon™ capsule generation	Same day CCE	Colon preparation regiment	Preparation adequacy	Completion of CCE	Complementation of IC	Additional Findings	Study design details
Spada et al[33], 2008	1	First	0	4 L of PEG + NaP boosters	Fair	100%	100%	100%	Case report
Triantafyllou et al[34], 2009	12	First	0	4 L of PEG + NaP boosters	58%	8%	50%	30%	Retrospective
									Case series
Fernández-Urién et al[35], 2011	1	First	0	NR	NR	100%	100%	None	Case report
Pioche et al[37], 2012	107	First	0	1 or 2 L of PEG (MoviPrep®) + NaP boosters	76%	83.20%	NR	33.6%	Prospective cohort study; results are not reported separately for the incomplete colonoscopy cases (n = 77)
Alarcón-Fernández et al[39], 2013	34	First	0	3 L of PEG + NaP boosters	64.70%	77%	85.30%	23.5%	Prospective cohort study
Triantafyllou et al[40], 2014	75	First	33%	1 L of PEG + NaP boosters or 4 L of PEG1	60%	76%	91%	44%	Prospective cohort study
Baltes et al[41], 2013	45	Second	0	PEG (MoviPrep®) + PEG/NaP boosters	70%	80%	87%	18%	Prospective cohort study (preliminary data)
Spada et al[42], 2013	50	Second	0	4 L of PEG	83%	NR	98%	14%	Prospective cohort study (preliminary data); compares CCE-CTC
Nogales et al[43], 2013	96	Second	NR	NR	NR	72%	93%	58%	Prospective cohort study
Negreanu et al[44], 2014	3	Second	0	4 L of PEG + PEG boosters	NR	NR	100%	100%	Case series

¹Depending on the timing of the procedure. IC: Incomplete colonoscopy; NR: Not reported; PEG: Polyethylene glycol solution; MoviPrep^®: Trade mark of a lower-dose polyethylene glycol based solution; NaP: Sodium phosphate; CCE: Colon capsule endoscopy; CTC: Computed tomography colonography.

Table 2 Performance of colon capsule endoscopy for the assessment of inflammation severity and disease extent in ulcerative colitis patients, as compared to colonoscopy

	n	PillCam Colon™ capsule generation	Study main end-point(s)	Preparation regimen	Adequacy of bowel preparation	Completion of CCE	CCE performance compared to colonoscopy	Limitations
Sung et al[50], 2012	100	First	Assessment of inflammation	4 L of PEG + NaP boosters	64%	96%	High PPV, low NPV in activity evaluation	Lack of documentation of disease extent, histological proof of activity not reported
Manes et al[51], 2013	20	First	Assessment of inflammation and disease extent	3 L of PEG + NaP boosters	44%	90%	Moderate correlation in activity and extent evaluation	Small sample size, histology not reported
Meister et al[52], 2013	13	First	Assessment of inflammation and disease extent	2.5 L of PEG (MoviPrep®) prior CCE ingestion and as boosters	90%	77%	CCE underestimates disease activity, poor extent estimation	Small sample size, lack of histological verification of activity, histological proof of disease activity was not obtained
Hosoe et al[53], 2013	29	Second	Assessment of inflammation	2 L of PEG	< 50%	69%	Strong correlation for activity evaluation	Small cohort, most patients had mild disease, histological proof of disease activity was not obtained
Ye et al[54], 2013	25	First	Assessment of inflammation and disease extent	3 L of PEG + NaP boosters	80%	100%	Strong correlation regarding disease activity/extent	Small sample size
San Juan Acosta et al[55], 2013	19	Second	Assessment of inflammation and disease extent	4 L of PEG	NR	84%	Strong correlation in activity/extent evaluation	Small sample size, histology not reported
Singeap et al[56], 2013	15	SecondSecond	Assessment of inflammation and disease extent	NR	NR	93%	Correlates with colonoscopy findings (activity/extent), assists in the accurate diagnosis of undetermined colitis	Small sample size, histology not reported
Kobayashi et al[57], 2013	49		Assessment of inflammation	2 L PEG or 700 mL PEG + 900-1500 mL Magnesium Citrate as booster	NR	69%-85%	Comparable evaluation of disease severity	Small sample size, histology not reported
Oliva et al[58], 2013	29	Second	Assessment of inflammation and disease extent	PEG + NaP boosters (volumes are not reported)	62%	100%	High PPV (100%) and NPV (85%) regarding disease activity evaluation, high agreement in disease extent	Small sample size, histology not reported

CCE: Colon capsule endoscopy; PEG: Polyethylenoglycol; MoviPrep^®: Trade mark of a lower-dose polyethylene glycol based solution; NaP: Sodium phosphate; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; UC: Ulcerative colitis; NR: Not reported.