Copyright
©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 28, 2014; 20(32): 11160-11181
Published online Aug 28, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i32.11160
Published online Aug 28, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i32.11160
Inflammatory cell | Immune function | Role in cancer |
Neutrophil | Secretion of cytokines/chemokines to modulate other cells in the immune response | Maintenance of pro-angiogenic phenotype[242] |
Release of cytotoxic granules | Suppression of anti-tumor immunity[243] | |
Phagocytosis | Promotion of metastasis[244] | |
Mast cell | Release of cytotoxic granules | Suppression of anti-tumor immunity[245] |
Enhancement of immune cell recruitment | Stimulation of angiogenesis[152] | |
Permeabilization of blood vessels | Direct stimulation of cancer cell growth[246] | |
Secretion of mitogenic factors[157] | ||
Macrophage | Phagocytosis | |
Promotion of T-lymphocyte activation | ||
M1 | Initiation of immune cell response | |
Antigen presentation | ||
M2 | Wound repair | |
Immunosuppression | ||
Tissue remodeling | ||
Resolution of immune response | ||
TAM | Secretion of Arginase-1[19] | |
Support of Treg activation[247,248] | ||
Promotion of angiogenesis[16] | ||
Enhancement of tumor metastasis[17] | ||
MDSC | Suppression of NKC and T-lymphocyte activation | Production of ROS[22] |
Secretion of peroxynitrite[23] | ||
Secretion of Arginase-1[24,25] | ||
Induction of Treg[26] | ||
Depletion of cysteine[27] | ||
NKC | Release of cytotoxic granules | Tumor cytotoxicity[28] |
DC | Antigen presentation |
Cytokine | Expressed by | Acts on |
GM-CSF | Acini[194] | Neutrophils[231], MDSCs[194] |
IL-1β | Acini[104,238], activated macrophages[237], neutrophils[236] | Macrohpage (inhibition)[227] |
IL-6 | Acini[239], monocytes[30], macrophages[30], endothelial cells[30] fibroblasts[30], smooth muscle cells[30], IL-1b[30], TNFα[30] | CRP[228,229], T-lymphocyte[30], DCs (inhibition)[174] |
IL-8 | Acini[105], IL-1[241], TNFα[241], macrophages[241], neutrophils[235] | Neutrophils[223] |
IL-10 | Acini[240], Treg[233] | T-lymphocytes (inhibition)[233], DCs (inhibition)[174], macrophages (inhibition)[232,234] |
IL-12 | Activated macrophages[231], dendritic cells[30] | NKCs[231] |
IL-33 | Acini[105] | Mast cells[103] |
KC | Acini[105], monocytes and neutrophils[250 | Neutrophils[225] |
MCP-1 | Acini[105] | Macrophages[230] |
MIP-2 | Acini[105], activated macrophages and neutrophils[93 | Neutrophils[224] |
TNFα | Acini[105], activated macrophages[99], neutrophils[236], mast cells[226] | Neutrophils[226], NKC[231] |
- Citation: Inman KS, Francis AA, Murray NR. Complex role for the immune system in initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20(32): 11160-11181
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i32/11160.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i32.11160