Role of 3DCT in laparoscopic total gastrectomy with spleen-preserving splenic lymph node dissection

Table 1 Patient characteristics in group computed tomography with 3D imaging and group NO-computed tomography with 3D imaging

Patient characteristics	Group NO-3DCT	Group 3DCT	P value
No. of patients	81	231
Age (yr)	59.48 ± 10.82	61.34 ± 10.38	0.542
Gender			0.484
Male	58	178
Female	23	52
BMI, kg/m2	21.67 ± 3.24	21.95 ± 2.74	0.273
Tumour size, mm	57.53 ± 23.66	55.76 ± 27.88	0.251
Histology			0.262
Differentiated	29	98
Undifferentiated	52	133
Depth of invasion			0.098
pT1a	5	10
pT1b	6	9
pT2	1	22
pT3	29	87
pT4a	40	103
Lymph node metastasis			0.090
pN0	25	45
pN1	13	37
pN2	12	43
pN3	31	106
TNM stage			0.487
Ia	6	15
Ib	4	12
IIa	15	25
IIb	9	27
IIIa	12	31
IIIB	12	52
IIIC	23	69

3DCT: Computed tomography with 3D imaging; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Operative data in group computed tomography with 3D imaging and group NO-computed tomography with 3D imaging

	Group NO-3DCT	Group 3DCT	P value
Operation time, min	189.56 ± 48.36	173.65 ± 27.12	0.007
Operation time at splenic hilum, min	24.47 ± 9.98	19.70 ± 5.59	0.001
Blood loss, mL	57.34 ± 30.78	50.18 ± 28.89	0.064
Blood loss at the splenic hilum, mL	17.92 ± 9.08	13.62 ± 4.50	0.001
No. of positive No. 10 lymph nodes	0.25 ± 0.79	0.24 ± 0.85	0.889
No. of retrieved No. 10 lymph nodes	2.48 ± 2.18	2.85 ± 2.33	0.225
No. of positive lymph nodes	7.97 ± 10.65	9.10 ± 10.08	0.414
No. of retrieved lymph nodes	39.47 ± 13.51	43.19 ± 15.64	0.067

3DCT: Computed tomography with 3D imaging.

Table 3 Postoperative data in group computed tomography with 3D imaging and group NO-computed tomography with 3D imaging

	Group NO-3DCT	Group 3DCT	P value
Postoperative hospital stay, d	11.03 ± 2.84	12.29 ± 6.49	0.094
Day of first flatus, d	3.95 ± 1.07	4.19 ± 1.04	0.079
Day of first fluid diet, d	4.29 ± 1.12	4.55 ± 1.70	0.205
Day of first semifluid diet, d	7.85 ± 1.92	8.15 ± 3.52	0.463
Blood transfusion, n	0	0	1.000
Postoperative complications, n	11	35	0.731
Pulmonary infection, n	7	11	0.141
Abdominal infection, n	1	12	0.085
Chylous fistula, n	1	2	0.770
Wound problem, n	0	3	0.303
Anastomotic leakage, n	0	3	0.303
Anastomotic bleeding, n	1	3	0.965
Septicaemia, n	0	1	0.554
Postoperative mortality, n	0	0	1.000

3DCT: Computed tomography with 3D imaging.

Table 4 Subgroup comparison according to body mass index

	BMI < 23 kg/m2 (n = 201)			BMI≥23 kg/m2 (n = 111)
	Group NO-3DCT	Group 3DCT	P value	Group NO-3DCT	Group 3DCT	P value
No. of patients	56	145		25	86
Age, yr	57.73 ± 11.59	60.95 ± 11.43	0.745	63.40 ± 7.72	61.99 ± 8.37	0.807
Operation time, min	188.09 ± 52.63	171.38 ± 26.32	0.028	187.92 ± 32.00	177.44 ± 28.17	0.121
Operation time at splenic hilum, min	23.74 ± 9.56	19.39 ± 5.46	0.001	26.17 ± 11.01	20.27 ± 5.84	0.003
Blood loss, mL	61.27 ± 35.94	51.83 ± 22.66	0.073	48.33 ± 7.61	49.41 ± 34.73	0.670
Blood loss at splenic hilum, mL	17.98 ± 8.12	13.27 ± 4.96	0.000	17.78 ± 11.28	14.29 ± 3.39	0.054
No. of retrieved lymph nodes	38.38 ± 12.25	46.18 ± 16.86	0.002	42.09 ± 16.15	37.86 ± 11.48	0.172
No. of retrieved No. 10 lymph nodes	2.67 ± 2.27	3.20 ± 2.42	0.162	2.04 ± 1.94	2.23 ± 2.06	0.692
Postoperative hospital stay, d	10.69 ± 2.29	11.62 ± 5.84	0.256	11.79 ± 3.77	13.42 ± 7.36	0.299
Postoperative complications, n	9	18	0.495	2	17	0.169

3DCT: Computed tomography with 3D imaging; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 5 Subgroup comparison according to the number of cumulative laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymph node dissection cases

	Less than 40 cases (n = 40)			More than 40 cases (n = 272)
	Group NO-3DCT	Group 3DCT	P value	Group NO-3DCT	Group 3DCT	P value
No. of patients	18	22		59	213
Age, yr	61.05 ± 10.14	59.22 ± 13.46	0.827	63.81 ± 8.03	60.96 ± 10.52	0.053
Operation time, min	205.00 ± 67.36	199.44 ± 46.99	0.769	176.40 ± 27.83	173.39 ± 27.59	0.466
Operation time at the splenic hilum, min	30.27 ± 11.58	28.92 ± 11.61	0.779	23.85 ± 7.92	18.63 ± 4.40	0.000
Blood loss, mL	69.32 ± 37.49	66.35 ± 33.10	0.368	49.18 ± 23.25	50.29 ± 29.97	0.799
Blood loss at the splenic hilum, mL	30.27 ± 8.17	32.38 ± 13.61	0.514	15.10 ± 4.42	13.10 ± 4.17	0.005
No. of retrieved lymph nodes	34.97 ± 10.67	25.33 ± 10.26	0.140	43.54 ± 14.61	43.47 ± 15.56	0.980
No. of retrieved No. 10 lymph nodes	2.81 ± 2.00	2.33 ± 1.87	0.313	2.74 ± 2.33	2.88 ± 2.33	0.719
Postoperative hospital stay, d	12.87 ± 1.78	11.91 ± 2.59	0.112	11.93 ± 5.27	12.15 ± 6.37	0.809
Postoperative complications, n	3	3	0.789	8	32	0.779

3DCT: Computed tomography with 3D imaging.