Ethnicity association of Helicobacter pylori virulence genotype and metronidazole susceptibility

Table 1 Distribution of Helicobacter pylori cagPAI genes isolated from patients of different ethnicities n (%)

cagPAI genes	Ethnic groups			P value
	Malay	Chinese	Indian
cagI region
cagE	7 (58.3)	41 (69.5)	14 (58.3)	0.541
cagM	9 (75.0)	45 (76.3)	19 (79.2)	0.948
cagII region
cagT	11 (91.7)	49 (83.1)	18 (75.0)
cag13	0	4 (6.8)	0
cag10	6 (50.0)	29 (49.2)	16 (66.7)	0.336
cag67	6 (50.0)	47 (79.7)	5 (20.8)	< 0.0001

Table 2 cagPAI genotypes of Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates n (%)

cagPAI type	cagII region				cagI region		Total
	cag67	cag10	cag13	cagT	cagM	cagE
A	+	+	+	+	+	+	3 (3.2)
B	+	-	+	-	-	-	1 (1.1)
C	+	+	-	+	+	+	26 (27.4)
D	+	+	-	+	+	-	2 (2.1)
E	+	+	-	-	+	+	1 (1.1)
F	+	+	-	-	+	-	1 (1.1)
G	+	+	-	-	-	-	1 (1.1)
H	+	-	-	-	-	-	1 (1.1)
I	+	-	-	+	+	+	16 (16.8)
J	+	-	-	+		-	2 (2.1)
K	+	-	-	+	-	+	1 (1.1)
L	+	-	-	-	+	+	1 (1.1)
M	+	-	-	+	-	-	2 (2.1)
N	-	+	-	+	+	+	13 (13.7)
O	-	+	-	+	+	-	2 (2.1)
P	-	+	-	+	-	-	2 (2.1)
Q	-	-	-	+	+	+	1 (1.1)
R	-	-	-	+	+	-	2 (2.1)
S	-	-	-	+	-	-	6 (6.3)
T	-	-	-	-	+	-	3 (3.2)
U	-	-	-	-	-	-	8 (8.4)

Table 3 Distribution of strains with intact, partially deleted (rearranged) or deleted cagPAI regions among patients of different ethnicities and disease states n (%)

cagPAI status	Ethnic group			Disease state
	Malay	Chinese	Indian	Normal	Gastritis (antral)	Pangastritis	PUD
	(n = 12)	(n = 59)	(n = 24)	(n = 12)	(n = 43)	(n = 19)	(n = 17)
Intact
Type A	0	3 (5.1)	0	1 (8.3)	2 (4.7)	0	0
Partially deleted
Type C	3 (25.0)	19 (32.2)	4 (16.7)	3 (25.0)	9 (20.9)	7 (36.8)	7 (41.2)
Type I	2 (16.7)	14 (23.7)	0	2 (16.7)	5 (11.6)	5 (26.3)	3 (17.6)
Type N	2 (16.7)	2 (3.4)	9 (37.5)	1 (8.3)	7 (16.3)	2 (10.5)	2 (11.8)
Deleted
Type U	1 (8.3)	3 (5.1)	4 (16.7)	1 (8.3)	3 (7.0)	1 (5.3)	2 (11.8)

PUD: Peptic-ulcer disease.

Table 4 Distribution of vacA alleles and metronidazole susceptibilities among Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates from patients of different ethnicities and disease states n (%)

cagPAI status	Ethnic group			Disease state
	Malay	Chinese	Indian	Normal	Gastritis (antral)	Pangastritis	PUD
	(n = 12)	(n = 59)	(n = 24)	(n = 12)	(n = 43)	(n = 19)	(n = 17)
Intact
Type	0	3 (5.1)	0	1 (8.3)	2 (4.7)	0	0
Partially deleted
Type C	3 (25.0)	19 (32.2)	4 (16.7)	3 (25.0)	9 (20.9)	7 (36.8)	7 (41.2)
Type I	2 (16.7)	14 (23.7)	0	2 (16.7)	5 (11.6)	5 (26.3)	3 (17.6)
Type N	2 (16.7)	2 (3.4)	9 (37.5)	1 (8.3)	7 (16.3)	2 (10.5)	2 (11.8)
Deleted
Type U	1 (8.3)	3 (5.1)	4 (16.7)	1 (8.3)	3 (7.0)	1 (5.3)	2 (11.8)

PUD: Peptic-ulcer disease.

Table 5 Distribution of Helicobacter pylori cagPAI genotypes, vacA alleles and metronidazole susceptibilities n (%)

cagPAI status	vacA		Metronidazole susceptibility		vacA/metronidazole susceptibility
	s1m1	s1m2	Sensitive	Resistant	s1m1/sensitive	s1m1/resistant	s1m2/sensitive	s1m2/resistant
Intact (n = 2)1	0	2 (100)	2 (100)	0	0	0	2 (100)	0
Partially deleted
Type C (n = 26)	10 (38.5)	16 (61.5)	14 (53.8)	12 (46.2)	5 (19.2)	5 (19.2)	9 (34.6)	7 (26.9)
Type I (n = 16)	12 (75.0)	4 (25.0)	10 (62.5)	6 (37.5)	7 (43.8)	5 (31.2)	3 (18.8)	1 (6.2)
Type N (n = 13)	11 (84.6)	2 (15.4)	8 (61.5)	5 (38.5)	7 (53.8)	4 (50.0)	1 (12.5)	1 (12.5)
Deleted (n = 6)2	1 (16.7)	5 (83.3)	3 (37.5)	5 (62.5)	0	1 (16.7)	2 (33.3)	3 (50.0)

¹One strain with the vacA s1m1m2 genotype was not included;

²Two strains with the vacA s2m2 genotype were not included.