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©2013 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Feb 28, 2013; 19(8): 1247-1255
Published online Feb 28, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i8.1247
Published online Feb 28, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i8.1247
Table 1 Characteristics of California Health Inventory Survey participants ages 50-80 years (bootstrap 95%CI)
Totaln = 10 596 208 | Colonoscopy/Flexible sigmoidoscopy/Fecal occult blood testn = 6 678 773 | Colonoscopyn = 4 711 189 | No colonoscopy/Flexible sigmoidoscopy/Fecal occult blood testn = 3 917 435 | |
Mean age, yr | 63.33 (63.32-63.33) | 64.19 (64.18-64.20) | 64.69 (64.68-64.70) | 61.86 (61.85-61.87) |
Males, % | 46.6 (46.5-46.6) | 46.8 (46.7-46.8) | 47.2 (47.1-47.2) | 46.3 (46.2-46.3) |
Body mass index, kg/m2, % | ||||
< 18.5 | 1.7 (1.6-1.7) | 1.5 (1.5-1.5) | 1.5 (1.5-1.6) | 2.0 (1.9-2.0) |
18.5-24.99 | 36.1 (36.0-36.1) | 35.1 (35.0-35.1) | 36.3 (36.3-36.4) | 37.8 (37.8-37.9) |
25.0-29.99 | 37.2 (37.1-37.2) | 38.6 (38.6-38.7) | 37.8 (37.8-37.9) | 34.7 (34.7-34.8) |
> 30.0 | 25.1 (25.1-25.1) | 24.8 (24.8-24.9) | 24.3 (24.3-24.3) | 25.5 (25.5-25.6) |
Ethnicity1, % | ||||
White | 60.8 (60.8-60.9) | 63.7 (63.7-63.8) | 66.1 (66.1-66.2) | 55.9 (55.8-56.0) |
African American | 6.1 (6.1-6.1) | 6.3 (6.3-6.3) | 6.0 (6.0-6.0) | 5.8 (5.8-5.8) |
Latino | 14.8 (14.8-14.9) | 12.2 (12.2-12.3) | 10.6 (10.6-10.7) | 19.2 (19.2-19.3) |
Asian | 11.3 (11.2-11.3) | 10.7 (10.7-10.7) | 10.5 (10.4-10.5) | 12.2 (12.2-12.2) |
Other | 7.0 (7.0-7.0) | 7.0 (7.0-7.0) | 6.7 (6.6-6.7) | 5.8 (5.7-5.8) |
Smoking status, % | ||||
Current | 11.1 (11.1-11.2) | 8.2 (8.2-8.3) | 8.0 (8.0-8.0) | 16.1 (16.1-16.1) |
Former | 35.9 (35.8-35.9) | 37.8 (37.8-37.9) | 38.4 (38.3-38.4) | 32.5 (32.5-32.6) |
Never | 53.0 (52.9-53.0) | 53.9 (53.9-54.0) | 53.6 (53.6-53.7) | 51.3 (51.3-51.4) |
Did not complete high school, % | 15.7 (15.7-15.8) | 12.9 (12.9-13.0) | 10.7 (10.7-10.8) | 20.4 (20.4-20.5) |
Marital status, % | ||||
Married | 65.0 (65.0-65.0) | 67.9 (67.8-67.9) | 68.8 (68.7-68.8) | 60.1 (60.0-60.1) |
Living w/partner | 4.1 (4.1-4.1) | 3.7 (3.7-3.8) | 3.6 (3.6-3.6) | 4.6 (4.6-4.7) |
Widow/separated/divorced | 25.1 (25.1-25.2) | 23.7 (23.6-23.7) | 23.2 (23.2-23.2) | 27.7 (27.6-27.7) |
Never married | 5.8 (5.8-5.8) | 4.7 (4.7-4.7) | 4.4 (4.4-4.4) | 7.6 (7.6-7.7) |
Household income (United States $) | 73 671 (73 630-73 720) | 79 191 (79 151-79 238) | 81 798 (81 728-81 876) | 64 260 (64 157-64 336) |
Income relative to poverty level, % | ||||
0-99 | 10.8 (10.8-10.8) | 7.7 (7.7-7.8) | 7.1 (7.1-7.1) | 16.5 (16.4-16.5) |
100-199 | 17.1 (17.1-17.2) | 14.9 (14.8-14.9) | 14.3 (14.3-14.3) | 21.3 (21.2-21.3) |
200-299 | 13.7 (13.6-13.7) | 13.2 (13.2-13.3) | 13.5 (13.5-13.5) | 14.4 (14.4-14.5) |
> 300 | 58.4 (58.4-58.4) | 64.2 (64.1-64.2) | 65.1 (65.1-65.2) | 47.8 (47.6-47.9) |
Dwelling2, % | ||||
Urban | 39.7 (39.6-39.7) | 39.5 (39.4-39.5) | 37.6 (37.6-37.7) | 40 (40.0-40.1) |
Secondary city | 20.3 (20.2-20.3) | 19.5 (19.5-19.6) | 19.4 (19.3-19.4) | 21.4 (21.4-21.5) |
Suburban | 25.1 (25.1-25.1) | 26.9 (26.9-27.0) | 28.2 (28.2-28.3) | 22.1 (22.0-22.1) |
Rural | 15.0 (14.9-15.0) | 14.1 (14.0-14.1) | 14.8 (14.8-14.8) | 16.4 (16.4-16.5) |
Insurance status, % | ||||
Uninsured | 9.5 (9.5-9.5) | 4.6 (4.6-4.6) | 3.3 (3.3-3.3) | 17.8 (17.8-17.9) |
Medicare and medicaid | 8.9 (8.9-9.0) | 8.0 (8.0-8.0) | 8.5 (8.5-8.6) | 10.5 (10.5-10.5) |
Medicare and others | 27.2 (27.2-27.2) | 31.8 (31.8-31.9) | 33.9 (33.9-34.0) | 19.3 (19.3-19.4) |
Medicare only | 3.4 (3.4-3.4) | 3.1 (3.1-3.1) | 3.4 (3.4-3.4) | 3.8 (3.8-3.8) |
Medicaid | 3.6 (3.6-3.6) | 2.3 (2.3-2.3) | 2.1 (2.0-2.1) | 5.8 (5.7-5.8) |
Employer-based | 41.1 (41.0-41.1) | 43.6 (43.6-43.6) | 42.2 (42.1-42.2) | 36.7 (36.7-36.7) |
Privately purchased | 4.6 (4.6-4.6) | 4.6 (4.6-4.6) | 4.6 (4.6-4.6) | 4.6 (4.5-4.6) |
Other | 1.8 (1.8-1.8) | 2.0 (2.0-2.0) | 2.1 (2.0-2.1) | 1.5 (1.5-1.5) |
Alcohol use, % | ||||
Never | 93.3 (93.2-93.4) | 93.5 (93.4-93.6) | 93.5 (93.4-93.6) | 93.0 (93.0-93.1) |
Yes | 6.7 (6.2-6.8) | 6.6 (6.5-6.9) | 6.5 (6.5-6.8) | 6.9 (6.8-7.0) |
Working status, % | ||||
Employed full time | 41.4 (41.4-41.4) | 39.9 (39.8-39.9) | 38.1 (38.1-38.2) | 44.0 (43.9-44.0) |
Employed part time | 7.1 (7.1-7.1) | 7.0 (7.0-7.1) | 7.2 (7.2-7.2) | 7.1 (7.1-7.2) |
Mod-Severe work impaired | 6.1 (6.1-6.1) | 5.4 (5.4-5.4) | 5.3 (5.3-5.4) | 7.4 (7.4-7.5) |
Spouse Employed F/P Time | 32.6 (32.4-32.6) | 33.6 (33.5-33.6) | 33.4 (33.4-33.6) | 30.8 (30.7-30.8) |
Table 2 Health screening issues and compliance as related to receiving a colonoscopy for California Health Inventory Survey participants ≥ 50 years old (bootstrap 95%CI)
Colonoscopyn = 4 711 189 | No colonoscopyn = 5 885 019 | |
Number doctor visits in past year, % | 4.22 (4.22-4.22) | 3.28 (3.28-3.28) |
Site of health provider, % | ||
Doctor’s office | 78.1 (78.1-78.2) | 65.1 (65.0-65.1) |
Community/government clinic | 18.1 (18.1-18.2) | 21.4 (21.3-21.4) |
Emergency room | 0.2 (0.2-0.2) | 0.8 (0.8-0.8) |
Random source/none | 0.5 (0.5-0.5) | 12.7 (12.6-12.7) |
General health, % | ||
Excellent | 17.8 (17.7-17.7) | 16.7 (16.6-16.7) |
Very good | 31.0 (31.0-31.1) | 28.2 (28.2-28.3) |
Good | 29.0 (28.9-29.1) | 29.0 (28.9-29.0) |
Fair | 16.3 (16.3-16.4) | 19.2 (19.2-19.3) |
Poor | 5.8 (5.8-5.8) | 6.9 (6.9-6.9) |
Medical health, % | ||
Elevated cholesterol | 12.1 (12.1-12.2) | 10.0 (9.9-10.0) |
Hypertension | 43.8 (43.8-43.9) | 35.9 (35.8-35.9) |
Diabetes | 15.9 (15.9-15.9) | 15.0 (14.9-15.0) |
Heart disease | 14.2 (14.1-14.2) | 10.8 (10.8-10.8) |
Mammograms in past 6 yr, n | 2.23 (2.23-2.34) | 1.64 (1.63-1.64) |
PSA ever tested, % | 34.3 (34.3-34.4) | 22.1 (22.0-22.1) |
Physician recommended “colon test”, % | 67.3 (67.3-67.4) | 39.6 (39.5-39.6) |
Reason for colonoscopy, % | ||
Routine screening | 75.4 (75.3-75.4) | |
Because of a problem | 16.8 (16.7-16.8) | |
Other | 7.9 (7.9-7.9) | |
Reason no colonoscopy in 10 yr, % | ||
Never thought about it | 11.9 (11.9-12.0) | |
Doctor did not recommend | 10.0 (10.0-10.1) | |
No problems/not necessary | 9.6 (9.5-9.6) | |
Too expensive/no insurance | 4.5 (4.5-4.6) | |
Procrastination | 3.8 (3.8-3.8) | |
Too painful/embarrassing | 2.9 (2.9-2.9) | |
Other | 57.3 (57.3-57.4) | |
Family history of CRC, % | ||
Sibling | 2.8 (2.8-2.8) | 1.6 (1.6-1.6) |
Father | 4.1 (4.1-4.1) | 1.8 (1.8-1.8) |
Mother | 3.8 (3.8-3.8) | 1.4 (1.4-1.4) |
Total | 10.7 (10.7-10.7) | 4.8 (4.8-4.8) |
Table 3 Language and demographic characteristics of Latino/Hispanic California Health Inventory Survey Participants ages 50-80 years related to colon cancer screening status (bootstrap 95%CI)
Total | Colonoscopy/Flexible sigmoidoscopy/Fecal occult blood test | Colonoscopy | No Colonoscopy/Flexible sigmoidoscopy/Fecal occult blood test | |
Weighted | Weighted | Weighted | Weighted | |
n = 1 487 447 | n = 801 832 | n = 492 646 | n = 685 615 | |
Latino/Hispanic sub-type, % | ||||
Mexican | 80.6 (80.5-80.6) | 79.8 (79.7-79.9) | 79.2 (79.1-79.4) | 81.4 (81.3-81.5) |
Salvadoran | 8.2 (8.1-8.2) | 6.4 (6.4-6.5) | 8.0 (7.9-8.1) | 10.3 (10.3-10.4) |
Guatemalan | 2.4 (2.3-2.4) | 2.0 (2.0-2.0) | 1.6 (1.6-1.7) | 2.7 (2.7-2.8) |
Central American | 2.8 (2.7-2.8) | 3.5 (3.4-3.5) | 3.0 (2.9-3.0) | 1.9 (1.9-1.9) |
South American | 2.1 (2.0-2.1) | 2.7 (2.7-2.8) | 2.3 (2.3-2.3) | 1.4 (1.3-1.4) |
Other Latino | 3.9 (3.8-3.9) | 5.6 (5.5-5.6) | 5.9 (5.9-6.0) | 2.3 (2.3-2.4) |
Citizen status, % | ||||
United states born citizen | 31.2 (31.1-31.2) | 37.1 (37.0-37.2) | 39.3 (39.1-39.4) | 24.2 (24.1-24.3) |
Naturalized citizen | 43.5 (43.4-43.6) | 47.4 (47.3-47.6) | 50.2 (50.1-50.3) | 38.9 (38.8-39.0) |
Non-citizen | 25.3 (25.2-25.4) | 15.4 (15.4-15.5) | 10.5 (10.4-10.6) | 36.9 (36.8-37.0) |
Year lived in United States, % | ||||
≤ 1 | 0.2 (0.2-0.2) | 0.0 (0.0-0.1) | 0.0 (0.0-0.2) | 0.5 (0.4-0.5) |
2-4 | 1.4 (1.3-1.4) | 1.1 (1.1-1.1) | 0.8 (0.8-0.8) | 1.6 (1.6-1.7) |
5-9 | 1.0 (1.0-1.1) | 0.5 (0.5-0.5) | 0.3 (0.2-0.3) | 1.6 (1.6-1.7) |
10-14 | 3.9 (3.8-3.9) | 3.1 (3.1-3.2) | 1.3 (1.2-1.3) | 4.8 (4.7-4.8) |
≥ 15 | 62.4 (62.3-62.4) | 58.1 (58.1-58.3) | 58.4 (58.3-58.6) | 67.3 (67.2-67.5) |
Not ascertained | 31.2 (31.2-31.3) | 37.2 (37.2-37.3) | 39.2 (39.1-39.4) | 24.2 (24.1-24.5) |
Ability to speak English, % | ||||
Very good | 13.0 (12.9-13.1) | 15.5 (15.4-15.5) | 17.7 (16.9-17.1) | 10.1 (10.1-10.2) |
Good | 19.1 (19.0-19.1) | 21.7 (21.6-21.8) | 26.9 (26.7-27.0) | 16.1 (16.0-16.2) |
Not good | 33.4 (33.3-33.5) | 29.6 (29.5-29.8) | 23.1 (23.0-23.3) | 37.8 (37.7-37.9) |
Not at all | 18.8 (18.7-18.8) | 14.6 (14.5-14.7) | 15.3 (15.2-15.) | 23.6 (23.5-23.7) |
Language of TV/radio/newspaper, % | ||||
English | 17.2 (17.1-17.3) | 19.9 (19.8-20.0) | 24.3 (24.2-24.5) | 14.0 (14.0-14.2) |
English and Spanish | 33.0 (32.9-33.1) | 32.9 (32.7-33.0) | 31.1 (30.9-31.2) | 33.2 (33.1-33.3) |
Only Spanish | 34.1 (34.0-34.2) | 28.7 (28.6-28.8) | 27.6 (27.5-27.8) | 40.4 (40.3-40.6) |
Not ascertained | 15.7 (15.7-15.7) | 18.6 (18.5-18.7) | 17.0 (16.9-17.1) | 12.3 (12.2-12.4) |
Language spoken at home, % | ||||
English | 15.7 (15.7-15.8) | 18.6 (18.5-18.7) | 17.0 (16.9-17.1) | 12.3 (12.2-12.4) |
English and Spanish | 46.6 (46.5-46.7) | 48.4 (48.3-48.5) | 54.0 (53.9-54.3) | 44.5 (44.4-44.7) |
Only Spanish | 37.0 (36.9-37.1) | 32.2 (32.2-32.3) | 28.1 (27.9-28.2) | 42.6 (42.5-42.8) |
Other | 0.7 (0.7-0.7) | 0.8 (0.8-0.9) | 0.9 (0.8-0.9) | 0.6 (0.6-0.7) |
Doctor conducted last interview in, % | ||||
English | 32.0 (31.9-32.1) | 41.0 (40.8-41.1) | 46.4 (46.2-46.5) | 21.5 (21.4-21.6) |
Spanish | 39.7 (39.6-39.8) | 34.5 (34.4-34.6) | 29.6 (29.4-29.7) | 45.7 (45.6-45.9) |
Not ascertained | 28.3 (28.2-28.4) | 24.5 (24.4-24.6) | 24.0 (23.9-24.3) | 32.8 (32.7-32.9) |
Hard time understanding your doctor, % | ||||
Yes | 5.3 (5.2-5.3) | 3.5 (3.5-3.6) | 4.0 (3.9-4.1) | 7.3 (7.2-7.4) |
No | 87.0 (87.0-87.1) | 94.1 (94.0-94.2) | 92.4 (92.3-92.5) | 78.8 (78.7-78.9) |
Not ascertained | 7.7 (7.7-7.8) | 2.4 (2.2-2.6) | 3.6 (3.5-3.7) | 13.9 (13.8-14.0) |
Table 4 Multivariable logistic regression (dependent variable is colon cancer test in previous 5 years)
Variable | n | All participants adjustedOR1 (95%CI) | White adjustedOR1 (95%CI) | Black adjustedOR1 (95%CI) | Hispanic adjustedOR1 (95%CI) |
Gender | |||||
Female | 5 658 375 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Male | 4 937 833 | 1.06 (1.06-1.06) | 1.03 (1.03-1.04) | 1.07 (1.06-1.08) | 1.25 (1.24-1.26) |
High school educated | |||||
No | 1 663 605 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 8 932 603 | 1.01 (1.00-1.01) | 0.96 (0.95-0.99) | 1.03 (0.98-1.05) | 1.28 (1.27-1.29) |
Family history of colon cancer | |||||
No | 9 809 630 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 786 578 | 1.71 (1.70-1.72) | 1.88 (1.87-1.89) | 1.54 (1.53-1.56) | 1.29 (1.26-1.33) |
Income relative to poverty level | |||||
0%-99% | 1 144 390 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
100%-199% | 1 811 952 | 1.21 (1.20-1.21) | 1.33 (1.30-1.36) | 1.14 (1.12-1.15) | 0.88 (0.87-0.89) |
200%-299% | 1 451 680 | 1.41 (1.40-1.42) | 1.44 (1.40-1.48) | 1.31 (1.27-1.40) | 1.50 (1.49-1.52) |
> 300% | 6 188 185 | 1.69 (1.68-1.70) | 1.77 (1.72-1.86) | 1.66 (1.64-1.69) | 1.48 (1.46-1.50) |
Health insured | |||||
No | 1 006 640 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 9 589 568 | 2.71 (2.70-2.72) | 2.88 (2.87-2.89) | 2.14 (2.11-2.23) | 3.52 (3.48-3.56) |
Physician Recommended colon test | |||||
No | 5 095 110 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 5 501 098 | 3.90 (3.88-3.91) | 3.77 (3.74-3.80) | 3.99 (3.96-4.02) | 4.37 (4.32-4.42) |
Citizenship status1 | |||||
United States born citizen | 464 083 | 1.00 | |||
Naturalized citizen | 647 039 | 1.91 (1.89-1.93) | |||
Years lived in United States1 | |||||
≤ 1 | 29 749 | 1.00 | |||
2-4 | 20 824 | 0.98 (0.96-1.02) | |||
5-9 | 14 874 | 1.38 (1.33-1.44) | |||
10-14 | 58 010 | 0.78 (0.75-0.82) | |||
≥ 15 | 928 167 | 1.57 (1.54-1.62) | |||
Hard time understanding physician1 | |||||
Yes | 78 835 | 1.00 | |||
No | 1 294 079 | 2.44 (2.40-2.48) |
- Citation: Modiri A, Makipour K, Gomez J, Friedenberg F. Predictors of colorectal cancer testing using the California Health Inventory Survey. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19(8): 1247-1255
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v19/i8/1247.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i8.1247