Effect of Gongronema latifolium on gastric emptying in healthy dogs

Table 1 Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of the healthy groups (mean ± SD)

Characteristics	Placebo control	Low dose	Moderate dose	High dose	Prokinetic dose
Age (mo)	6.6 ± 0.7	6.5 ± 1.1	5.9 ± 0.8	6.4 ± 1.1	6.1 ± 0.3
Weight (kg)	6.2 ± 0.7	5.3 ± 0.3	5.6 ± 0.4	5.8 ± 0.7	5.7 ± 0.5
FBG (mmol/L)	4.0 ± 0.6	3.9 ± 0.1	4.0 ± 0.5	3.9 ± 0.2	4.2 ± 0.1

FBG: Fasting blood glucose.

Table 2 Gastric emptying and incremental postprandial blood glucose concentration of the healthy groups (mean ± SD)

Group	GE (min)	AUC of iPPBG (mmol/L × min)
Placebo control	127.0 ± 8.2	1028.6 ± 204.2
Low dose	135.5 ± 3.7	938.1 ± 40.0
Moderate dose	155.5 ± 3.9b	559.1 ± 101.8b
High dose	198.0 ± 5.3b	223.5 ± 52.2b
Prokinetic dose	59.0 ± 2.5b	1426 ± 108.2b

^bP < 0.0001 vs control group. iPPBG: Incremental postprandial blood glucose concentrations; GE: Gastric emptying; AUC: Area under the curve.