Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with coronary artery disease in Koreans

Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics and laboratory data between subjects with and without coronary artery disease

	Group A	Group B-D	P value
	Insignificant stenosis (n = 88)	Significant stenosis (n = 46)
Age (yr)	62.5 ± 10.8	65.2 ± 9.2	0.010
Sex (male)	20 (22.7)	17 (37.0)	0.104
DM	11 (12.5)	10 (21.7)	0.211
HTN	49 (55.7)	33 (71.7)	0.093
Height (cm)	155.0 ± 7.4	156.4 ± 8.4	0.333
Weight (kg)	61.9 ± 8.2	62.5 ± 10.0	0.734
BMI (kg/m2)	25.8 ± 3.3	25.6 ± 3.4	0.697
Waist circumference (cm)	86.8 ± 13.4	89.7 ± 6.9	0.169
Hip circumference (cm)	97.6 ± 13.8	98.7 ± 8.3	0.607
WHR	0.89 ± 0.9	0.91 ± 0.8	0.238
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	177.1 ± 30.8	195.6 ± 39.1	0.009
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	41.2 ± 12.2	38.4 ± 12.1	0.227
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	134.9 ± 72.4	177.4 ± 94.4	0.012
Measured-LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	102.3 ± 26.1	115.5 ± 33.3	0.015
Calculated-LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	108.6 ± 28.3	121.7 ± 33.7	0.033
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.8 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.4	0.068
Uric acid (mg/dL)	4.6 ± 1.4	4.9 ± 1.6	0.399
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	13.4 ± 1.8	13.0 ± 1.5	0.356
HbA1c (%)	5.7 ± 0.7	6.3 ± 1.2	0.072
Systolic BP (mmHg)	123.3 ± 16.6	125.6 ± 15.6	0.409
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	73.8 ± 10.7	75.9 ± 9.6	0.250
FBS (mg/dL)	104.2 ± 21.2	115.3 ± 37.3	0.082
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	1.0 ± 0.5	1.1 ± 0.6	0.432
Albumin (g/dL)	3.9 ± 0.3	3.9 ± 0.4	0.465
AST (U/L)	34.1 ± 55.0	27.1 ± 11.0	0.394
ALT (U/L)	30.7 ± 53.4	22.8 ± 9.7	0.321
PT INR	0.9 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.1	0.182
HOMA-index	6.29 ± 9.16	5.99 ± 5.39	0.838
NAFLD	44 (51.2)	36 (78.3)	0.002

Data are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%). DM: Diabetes mellitus; HTN: Hypertension; BMI: Body mass index; WHR: Waist-hip ratio; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; BP: Blood pressure; FBS: Fasting blood sugar; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; PT: Prothrombin time; HOMA-index: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, fasting insulin (mU/L) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)/22.5; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Table 2 Multivariate analysis of coronary artery disease with age, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic risk factors

	OR (95%CI)	P value
NAFLD	1.685 (1.051-2.702)	0.030
Age	1.056 (1.010-1.104)	0.057
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	1.012 (0.982-1.043)	0.427
TG (mg/dL)	1.004 (0.998-1.010)	0.873
Measured-LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	1.003 (0.970-1.036)	0.225

NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; TG: Triglycerides; LDL: Low density lipoprotein.

Table 3 Comparison of candidate mediators between subjects with and without coronary artery disease (mean ± SD)

	Group A	Group B-D	P value
	Insignificant stenosis (n = 88)	Significant stenosis (n = 46)
Adiponectin (μg/mL)	8.40 ± 5.97	6.95 ± 5.85	0.071
IL-6 (pg/mL)	4.55 ± 7.75	4.71 ± 7.41	0.894
TNF-α (ng/mL)	4.00 ± 3.95	4.85 ± 4.73	0.273
hs-CRP(mg/dL)	0.45 ± 1.70	0.74 ± 1.18	0.366

IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; hs-CRP: High sensitive C-reactive protein.