Erosive esophagitis associated with metabolic syndrome, impaired liver function, and dyslipidemia

Table 1 Comparison between subjects with and without erosive esophagitis

	With erosive esophagitis (n = 507)	Without erosive esophagitis (n = 507)	P value
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	51.2 ± 11.2	51.2 ± 11.2	-
Sex (M/F)	419/88	419/88	-
BMI (kg/m2)	25.6 ± 3.6	24.9 ± 3.4	< 0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	87.3 ± 12.9	84.8 ± 11.9	< 0.001
Systolic BP (mmHg)	132.3 ± 18.1	129.2 ± 17.7	0.003
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	87.2 ± 11.7	84.2 ± 10.8	< 0.001
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)	105.9 ± 36.5	101 ± 29	0.009
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	165 ± 107.4	137.1 ± 99.5	< 0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL)	50.4 ± 15	52.2 ± 14.5	0.025
TC/HDL-C	4.27 ± 1.26	4.04 ± 1.13	0.001
LDL-C/HDL-C	2.56 ± 0.96	2.46 ± 0.87	0.049
AST (U/L)	31 ± 28.7	27.3 ± 13.4	0.004
ALT (U/L)	37.1 ± 26.4	31.2 ± 21.6	0.005

The P values are based on Student’s t test. M: Male; F: Female; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BP: Blood pressure; BMI: Body mass index; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: Total cholesterol.

Table 2 Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for erosive esophagitis

	Univariate analysis OR (95%CI)	P value	Multivariate analysis OR (95%CI)	P value
Obesity1	1.72 (1.10-1.80)	< 0.05		0.606
Central obesity2	1.60 (1.20-2.14)	< 0.05	1.38 (1.00-1.86)	< 0.05
Hypertension	1.43 (1.11-1.86)	< 0.05	1.35 (1.04-1.76)	< 0.05
Hyperglycemia	1.39 (1.07-1.80)	< 0.05		0.143
Hypertriglyceridemia	1.50 (1.15-1.95)	< 0.05	1.34 (1.02-1.76)	< 0.05
Low HDL-C	1.24 (0.91-1.67)	0.192	-	-
TC/HDL-C > 5	1.57 (1.17-2.12)	< 0.05	1.45 (1.06-1.97)	< 0.05
AST > 37 (U/L)	1.67 (1.14-2.45)	< 0.05	1.59 (1.08-2.34)	< 0.05
ALT > 40 (U/L)	1.40 (1.04-1.90)	< 0.05		0.986

¹Defined as body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m²;

²Defined as waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: Total cholesterol.

Table 3 Components of metabolic syndrome associated with erosive esophagitis n (%)

Metabolic factors	Erosive esophagitis (n = 507)	Matched normal control (n = 507)	OR (95%CI)	P value
Number of criteria
≥ 1 criterion	473 (93.3)	447 (88.2)	1.867 (1.203-2.899)	0.007
≥ 2 criteria	391 (77.1)	335 (66.1)	1.731 (1.312-2.283)	< 0.001
≥ 3 criteria	239 (47.1)	191 (37.7)	1.475 (1.149-1.895)	0.003
≥ 4 criteria	112 (22.1)	64 (12.6)	1.963 (1.403-2.746)	< 0.001
5 criteria	28 (5.5)	20 (3.9)	1.423 (0.791-2.561)	0.301