Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation therapy for tumors

Table 1 Summary of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided ethanol ablation for pancreatic cystic tumor

Ref.	n	Median size, mm (range)	Ablative agents	Complete resolution	Complications
Gan et al[17]	25	19.4 (6-30)	Ethanol	35%	None
Oh et al[20]	14	25.5 (17-52)	Ethanol and paclitaxel	79%	Acute pancreatitis (n = 1)
					Hyperamylasemia (n = 6)
					Vague abdominal pain (n = 1)
Oh et al[21]	10	29.5 (20-68)	Ethanol and paclitaxel	60%	Mild pancreatitis (n = 1)
DeWitt et al[18]	42	22.4 (10-58)	Saline vs ethanol	33%	Abdominal pain at 2 h (n = 2)
					Abdominal pain at 7 d (n = 5)
					Pancreatitis (n = 1)
					Acystic bleeding (n = 1)
Oh et al[22]	52	31.8 (17-68)	Ethanol and paclitaxel	62%	Fever (n = 1)
					Vague abdominal discomfort (n = 1)
					Mild pancreatitis (n = 1)
					Splenic vein obliteration (n = 1)

Table 2 Summary of endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor

Ref.	n	Maximum diameter (mm)	Ethanol	Volume (mL)	Complications
Jurgensen et al[25]	1	13	95%	8.0	Pain in the upper abdomen
					A mild increase of serum lipase activity
Muscatiello et al[26]	1	11 and 7	40%	2.0	A small pancreatic necrotic lesion
Deprez et al[28]			98%	3.5	A mild elevation of pancreatic enzymes
					Hematoma ulceration of the duodenal wall
Vleggaar et al[29]	1	10	96%	0.3	None
Levy et al[30]	5	18	95%	0.1	None
				0.4
				0.1
		20	98%	0.1
				0.3
		21	98%	1.0
				0.3
		8	98%	3.0
				1.5
		16	99%	0.7
				1.0

Table 3 Cases of endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation for other tumor

Target tumor	Maximum diameter (mm)	Ethanol	Volume (mL)	Complications
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor[42]	40	95%	1.5	None
Hepatic metastasis carcinoma from colorectal carcinoma[43]	33	98%	6.0	A tiny subcapsular hematoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma from pancreatic adenocarcinoma[44]	35	100%	10.0	Low-grade fever
Left adrenal metastasis carcinoma from non-small-cell lung carcinoma[45]	50	98%	15.0	None
Pelvic metastatic lymph nodes from rectal cancer[46]	11 and 10	Not stated	4.0 and 2.0	None