Clinical application of microRNA in gastric cancer in Eastern Asian area

Table 1 microRNA expression in gastric cancer in 2008-2012

Group	Method	Sample	Upregulated	Downregulated
Katada et al[29]	TaqManmiRNA assays + qRT-PCR	42 undifferentiated gastric cancer and controls	miR-34b miR-34c miR-128a	miR-128b, miR-129, miR-148
Guo et al[30]	Microarray	3 gastric cancers and adjacent normal tissues	miR-20b, miR-20a, miR-17, miR-106a, miR-18a, miR-21, miR-106b, miR-18b, miR-421, miR-340, miR-19a, miR-658	miR-768-3p, miR-378, miR-31, miR-139-5p, miR-195, miR-497, miR-133b,
Yao et al[31]	Microarray + qRT-PCR	10 gastric cancers and adjacent normal tissue	miR-223, miR-106b, miR-147, miR-34a, miR-130b, miR-106a, miR-18a, miR-17, miR-98, miR-616,miR-181a-2, miR-185, miR-1259, miR-601, miR-196a, miR-221, miR-302f, miR-340, miR-337-3p, miR-520c-3p, miR-575 and miR-138	miR-638, miR-378
Luo et al[32]	Microarray + qRT-PCR	24 gastric cancers	MiR-26b, miR-30a-5p, miR-212, miR-320, miR-379, miR-518b, miR-409-3b	MiR-9, miR-19b, miR-155, miR-188, miR-197, miR-338, miR-370, miR-383, miR-433, miR-490, miR-503, miR-545, miR-551a, miR-567, miR-575, miR-611, miR-630, miR-649, miR-652
Ueda et al[33]	Microarray + qRT-PCR	353 (184 gastric cancers 169 controls)	miR-181d, miR-181a-1, miR-181a-2, miR-181c, miR-181b-1, miR-181b-2, miR-21, miR-25, miR-92-1, miR-92-2, miR-93, miR-17-5p, miR-106a, miR-20b, miR-135a-1, miR-135a-2, miR-425-5p, miR-106b, miR-20a, miR-19b-1, miR-19b-2	miR-148a, miR-148b, miR-375, miR-29b-1, miR-29b-2, miR-29c, miR-152, miR-218-2miR-451, miR-30d
Tsukamoto et al[34]	Microarray (470) + qRT-PCR	22 gastric cancers	miR-18a, miR-106a, miR-17, miR-146a, miR-93, miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-20b, miR-25, miR-15b, miR-425, miR-92a, miR-194, miR-10a, miR-222, miR-7, miR-106b, miR-320a, miR-21, miR-34a, miR-19b, miR-103, miR-215, miR-192, miR-429, miR-27a, miR-223, miR-23a, miR-107, miR-200b, miR-24, miR-15a, miR-16	miR-375, miR-29c, miR-148a, miR-30a-5p, miR-30e-5p, miR-638
Li et al[35]	TaqManmiRNA assays + qRT-PCR	30 gastric cancer and controls	miR-223, miR-21, miR-23b, miR-222, miR-25, miR-23a, miR-221, miR-107, miR-103, miR-99a, miR-100, miR-125b, miR-92, miR-146a, miR-214 and miR-191,	let-7a, miR-126, miR-210, miR-181b, miR-197, miR-30aa-5p
Carvalho et al[36]	Microarray + qRT-PCR	76 gastric cancers	miR-582-5p, miR-151-5p, miR-296-5p, miR-30b, miR-513-5p, miR-335, miR-576-5p, miR-219-2-3p, miR-331-5p, miR-889, miR-152, miR-992, miR-93, miR-519c, miR-599, miR-520a-5p, miR-631, miR-550, miR-136, miR-22, miR-515-5p, miR-127-3p, miR-374a, miR-181a, miR-192, miR-532-3p, miR-30d, miR-640, miR-425, miR-92b, miR-501-5p, miR-514, miR-576-3p, miR-519e, miR-149, miR-219-1-3p, miR-424, miR-220, miR-96, miR-218-2, miR-649, miR-215, miR-182, miR-122, miR-524-3p, miR-187, miR-526b, miR-770-5p, miR-545, miR-200b, miR-9, miR-141, miR-579, miR-493, miR-137, miR-216a, miR-503, miR-126, miR-23b, miR-99b, miR-101, miR-323-3p, miR-25, miR-92a-1, miR-429	miR-451, miR-502-3p, miR-101 miR-33a, miR-516a-3p/miR-516b

qRT-PCR: Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

Table 2 Expression of miRNA and area under curve, sensitivity and specificity in serum samples of patients with gastric cancer

Group	Sample	MicroRNA	AUC	Method	Sensitivity/specificity (%)
Liu et al[49]	61 GC/61 C	miR-378↑	0.861	qRT-PCR	87.5/70.7
Liu et al[50]	164 GC/127 C	(miR-1, miR-20a, miR-27a, miR-34, miR-423-5P)↑	0.879	Microarray + qRT-PCR	79.3/86.5
			0.831
Konish et al[51]	56 GC/30 C	miR-451↑	0.96	Microarray + qRT-PCR	96.0/100
		miR-486↑	0.92		86.0/97.0
Song et al[52]	82 GC/82 C	miR-221, miR-744 and miR-376c↑	NA	qRT-PCR	82.4/58.8
Zhou et al[53]	90 GC/27 C	miR-106a↑	0.684	Microarray + qRT-PCR	48.2/90.2
		miR-17↑	0.743		51.9/92.7
Wang et al[54]	174 GC/39 C	miR-21↑	0.81	Microarray + qRT-PCR	56.7/94.9
Tsujiura et al[55]	69 GC/30 C	miR-106b↑	0.72	Microarray + qRT-PCR	NA
		miR-106a↑, let-7a↓	0.879		85.5/80.0

qRT-PCR: Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; GC: Gastric cancer, C: Control; AUC: Area under curve; NA: Not available; ↑: Upregulated; ↓: Downregulated.

Table 3 Gastric cancer with potential predictive role of miRNAs

	Potential predictive role of miRNA
	MiRNAs of high expression	MiRNAs of low expression
Short survival time	miRNA-20b, miRNA-150[29], miRNA-142-5p[61], miRNA-375, miRNA-214[62]	miRNA-451, let7g1, miRNA-4331[33], miRNA-125-5p3[63]
Lymph node metastasis	miRNA-27a[29], miRNA-650[64]	miRNA-126[65], miRNA-146a[66], miRNA-148[67], miRNA-218[68], miRNA-335[69], miRNA-429[70]
Relapse	miRNA-375[61], miRNA-4512, miRNA-199-3p2, miRNA-1952[71]	miRNA-142-5p[61]
Advanced gastric cancer	miRNA-2214[72]	miRNA-126[65], miRNA-148a[67], miRNA-218[68]
Invasion, metastasis	miRNA-223[35], miRNA-148a[73], miRNA-107[74]	miRNA-610[75], miRNA-200b5[76], miRNA-7[77]

¹The two miRNAs also indicate short survival and lymph node metastasis, and deeper invasion;

²The three miRNAs also indicate short survival and recurrence, especially miRNA-451; ³The miRNA also indicates short survival and hepatic metastases, deeper invasion, and tumor enlargement; ⁴The miRNA also indicates lymph node metastasis and deeper invasion, and advanced gastric cancer; ⁵The miRNA also indicates lymph node metastasis and deeper invasion, and the tumor is enlarged.

Table 4 Expression of miRNA and prediction of the effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy

	Upregulated	Downregulated
Chemosensitivity	(let-7g, miR-342, miR-16, miR-181, miR-1, miR-34)1[81]
Chemoresistance	(miR-518f, miR-520a, miR-520d, miR-519e, miR-363, miR-517)1[81]	(miR-196a, miR-200family, miR-338, miR-126, miR-31, miR-98, let-7g, miR-7)2[82] miR-15b, miR-16[83]
Radiosensitivity	miR-451[85]
Radioresistance	miR-221/222[97]

¹Drugs were cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil; ²Drug was hydroxy camptothecin.