Brief Article
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©2012 Baishideng Publishing Group Co. , Limited. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Feb 14, 2012; 18(6): 570-575
Published online Feb 14, 2012. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i6.570
Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with colorectal cancer or polyps
Case Sex Age Size in cm/n Differentiation Depth Dukes CRC CRP CRC Polyps 1 F 41 1.7/2 0.6/2 High S B1 2 M 37 0.9/1 1.2/3 Poor Ss C1 3 M 68 2.9/2 0.7/1 Poor Sm D1 4 F 27 2.8/1 1.4/1 Poor Ss C2 5 M 59 1.8/1 0.5/3 Moderate S C2 6 F 52 2.9/1 1.9/4 Poor Ss B2 7 M 71 3.3/2 0.4/1 High Sm B1 8 M 46 2.7/1 3.1/1 Moderate Ss C1 9 M 28 0.9/1 2.8/2 Poor Sm B1 10 F 36 2.6/1 0.4/1 Poor Ss C2 11 F 30 2.4/1 2.8/2 Moderate S C1 12 M 46 3.1/1 1.3/2 Poor Sm B1 13 M 62 1.5/1 2.0/3 Poor Ss C2 14 F 24 0.8/1 2.4/2 Moderate Sm C2 15 M 70 2.5/1 4.3/1 Poor S B2 16 M 43 3.2/2 3.7/1 High Ss B2
Table 2 Primers used for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis
Gene tag Sequences Tm ( °C) Cycle Product (bp) MTA1 5’-AGCCGTGCTTCGGTATCTT-3’ 57 30 580 5’-CCCGTTGTGCTGCTCGTA-3’ PDCD4 5′-GCTGAATTCGGATGGATGTAGAAAATGAGCAGA-3’ 54 27 470 5’-CTGCTCGAGTCAGTAGCTCTCTGGTTTAAGA-3’ TSC1 5′-ATCGCCTTTATGGAATGT-3’ 49 29 510 5’-GCTTGTGGTGGTTCAGTT-3’ PDGFRA 5’-ACCATAAGGCTCTTACTCT-3’ 45 31 490 5’-TTCTGGCACTTACCTACA-3’
Table 3 Identification of differential gene expression profile between colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyp lesions
Accession Gene function Gene tag Ratio AY421086 Programmed cell death 4 PDCD4 6.41 ± 0.10 AA630800 Interferon, γ-inducible protein 30 IFI30 1.31 ± 0.18 AA400973 Lipocalin 2 (oncogene 24p3) LCN2 3.16 ± 0.22 AI817942 Zeta-chain associated protein kinase (70 kD) ZAP70 3.29 ± 0.31 AA447515 Mad4 homolog MAD4 2.35 ± 0.20 W47350 Retinoic acid receptor responder 3 RARRES3 0.18 ± 0.13 AA436401 TU3A protein TU3A 5.40 ± 0.27 AI650283 Serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 2 SGK2 1.29 ± 0.13 NM003542 H4 histone family, member G H4FG 7.04 ± 0.17 NM205510 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 FGFR1 2.94 ± 0.21 NM204434 Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A CDKN2A 3.16 ± 0.28 NM005438 FOS-like antigen-1 FOSL1 1.93 ± 0.25 NM005439 Myeloid leukemia factor 2 MLF2 2.17 ± 0.24 BC08072 v-raf murine sarcoma 3611 viral oncogene homolog 1 ARAF1 0.98 ± 0.15 NM020531 Chromosome 20open reading frame 3 C20ORF3 2.23 ± 0.21 NM033158 Hyaluronoglucosaminidase 2 HYAL2 4.16 ± 0.28 NM001950 E2F transcription factor 4,p107/p130-binding E2F4 5.26 ± 0.28 BC059522 Ribosomal protein S30 FAU 2.58 ± 0.13 NM008583 Multiple endocrine neoplasia I MEN1 3.89 ± 0.11 NM011492 Serine/threonine kinase 11 STK11 5.12 ± 0.27 NM133862 Fibrinogen, gamma polypeptide FGG 3.0 4 ± 0.28 BC162533 GRO2 oncogene GRO2 1.39 ± 0.30 NM000612 Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor IGF2 5.06 ± 0.29 NM005343 v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog HRAS 4.74 ± 0.27 NM002634 Prohibitin PHB 2.98 ± 0.15 BC046375 p53-induced protein PIG11 6.67 ± 0.29 NM004448 v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 ERBB2 3.15 ± 0.17 NM010658 v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family MAFG 5.61 ± 0.04 NM022012 Mitogen-activated protein 3 kinase 11 MAP3K11 3.32 ± 0.06 NM023983 Melanoma adhesion molecule MCAM 7.38 ± 0.14 NM014567 Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1 BCAR1 5.12 ± 0.23 NM000535 Postmeiotic segregation increased 2 PMS2 5.17 ± 0.25 NM183243 Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 IMPDH1 7.14 ± 0.10 NM005380 Neuroblastoma, suppression of tumorigenicity 1 NBL1 5.62 ± 0.16 NM002429 Matrix metalloproteinase 19 MMP19 3.90 ± 0.22 NM002466 v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog-like 2 MYBL2 9.70 ± 0.21 NM022588 Metastasis associated 1 MTA1 10.41 ± 0.37 NM017045 Retinoblastoma 1 RB1 2.81 ± 0.14 NC006104 SET translocation SET 2.69 ± 0.11 NM002439 Phosphatase and tensin homolog PTEN 3.94 ± 0.21 NM053455 Fibrinogen-like 2 GTPase activating FGL2 3.40 ± 0.27 NM005638 ADP-ribosylation factor protein 1 ARFGAP 5.14 ± 0.25 NM032415 Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation gene 1 MALT1 4.84 ± 0.21 NM006283 Transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein 1 TACC1 3.41 ± 0.13 NM00288 v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog B RALB 4.12 ± 0.18 NM003766 Myosin-like BCL2-interacting protein BECN1 5.05 ± 0.14 NG027821 TRK-fused gene TFG 4.33 ± 0.28 NM005805 Cadherin 1,type 1,E-cadherin (epithelial) CDH1 4.11 ± 0.26 NM001982 v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3 ERBB3 5.82 ± 0.15 NM133250 MutS (Escherichia coli ) homolog 2 MSH2 2.13 ± 0.21 AY805747 Ras homolog gene family, member E ARHE 3.61 ± 0.22 NM002884 RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family RAP1A 5.18 ± 0.27 NM000368 Tuberous sclerosis 1 TSC1 6.02 ± 0.14 L36953 Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 MADH4 4.93 ± 0.26
Table 4 Differentially expressed genes between polyps and colorectal cancer
Accession Gene function Gene tag Ratio A B AA191692 Stratifin SFN 2.36 ± 0.25 3.86 ± 0.11a H15456 Calpain 1, (mu/I) large subunit CAPN1 8.17 ± 0.20 10.25 ± 0.24a AA043501 v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (avian) oncogene homolog MAF 1.36 ± 0.08 4.85 ± 0.27a AA495936 Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 MGST1 -2.14 ± 0.23 2.90 ± 0.16a H23235 Platelet-derived growth factor receptor PDGFRA -0.15 ± 0.31 4.81 ± 0.14a AA430032 Pituitary tumor-transforming 1 PTTG 4.91 ± 0.23 11.46 ± 0.18a N94468 Jun B proto-oncogene JUNB 1.27 ± 0.20 11.09 ± 0.14a T61948 FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene B homolog FOSB 1.37 ± 0.31 10.21 ± 0.20a AA460168 Growth arrest and DNA damage inducible 34 GADD34 1.07 ± 0.15 4.15 ± 0.20a L36870 MAP kinase kinase 4 MKK4 4.01 ± 0.23 6.93 ± 0.24a AA426216 Malignant cell expression-enhanced gene LENG4 7.03 ± 0.16 8.81 ± 0.23a AA486219 SRp25 nuclear protein LOC51329 2.09 ± 0.12 6.18 ± 0.23a AA457705 Immediate early response 3 IER3 1.94 ± 0.25 9.17 ± 0.20a AA485377 v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog FOS 4.03 ± 0.27 7.21 ± 0.05a AA463204 Pleiomorphic adenoma gene-like 1 PLAGL1 7.11 ± 0.24 -4.16 ± 0.06a AA434373 E74-like factor 3 (epithelial-specific ) ELF3 1.09 ± 0.29 7.03 ± 0.15a AI677994 Fms-associated tyrosine kinase 3 ligand FLT3LG 1.94 ± 0.32 4.35 ± 0.02a AA464600 v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog MYC 3.27 ± 0.17 8.01 ± 0.13a
Table 5 cDNA microarray data confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
Gene function Gene tag Ratio cDNA microarray qRT-PCR Metastasis associated 1 MTA1 8.01 ± 0.47 6.72 ± 0.20a Programmed cell death 4 PDCD4 6.41 ± 0.10 5.35 ± 0.01a Tuberous sclerosis 1 TSC1 6.02 ± 0.14 4.83 ± 0.26a Platelet-derived growth factor receptor PDGFRA -0.15 ± 0.31 0.03 ± 0.07a