Clinical features and risk factors of acute hepatitis E with severe jaundice

Table 1 Comparison of background characteristics and clinical manifestations, laboratory data and outcome

	Acute hepatitis E with severe jaundice	Acute hepatitis E without severe jaundice	P value
Characteristic
Age, yr, mean (range)	56 (20-85)	51 (18-85)	0.015
Sex, men, n (%)	64 (70)	125 (165)	0.003
Occupation, n (%)
Handling with animals	0	0
Handling with raw food	0 (70)	5 (165)	0.580
Underlying disease	4 (70)	32 (165)	0.008
History, n (%)
Blood transfusion	0	0
Intake wild animals	0	0
Intake raw pig liver or intestine	0	0
Intake raw fish or shellfish	0 (70)	5 (165)	0.580
Alcohol overconsumption	27 (70)	16 (165)	0.003
Clinical features
Symptoms (%)
Fever	1.47 ± 0.737	1.35 ± 0.725	0.243
Jaundice	1.00 ± 0.000	1.01 ± 0.029	0.892
Laboratory data
Peak ALT (U/L)	1089.23 ± 1607.77	1035.53 ± 869.49	0.741
Peak AST (U/L)	660.83 ± 675.99	604.34 ± 715.72	0.574
Peak TBil (μmol/ L)	276.31 ± 91.63	78.70 ± 48.06	0.000
Peak DBil (μmol/ L)	185.06 ± 64.64	48.52 ± 35.16	0.000
Lowest ALB (g/L)	33.84 ± 3.72	36.89 ± 4.76	0.000
Peak GGT (U/L)	170.31 ± 117.55	237.96 ± 181.18	0.007
Peak ALP (U/L)	184.96 ± 67.22	187.76 ± 89.82	0.826
Peak CHE (U/L)	4500.93 ± 175.32	5815.28 ± 151.04	0.000
Peak TBA	275.56 ± 28.81	147.03 ± 10.53	0.000
HBsAg	8 (69)	27 (159)	0.203
Lowest PTA (%)	81.64 ± 22.69	96.12 ± 24.63	0.000
PT ≤ 60%, n (%)	7 (60)	11 (146)	0.424
Viral load	134 ± 68	112 ± 69	0.025
Duration for admission (d)	38.17 ± 17.13	18.36 ± 91.35	0.073

TBil: Total bilirubin; DBiL: Bilirubin direct; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALB: Albumin; CHE: Acetylcholine esterase; TBA: Total bile acid; PTA: Prothrombin index; PT: Point time; HBsAg: Hepatitis B virus surface antigen.

Table 2 Relation between acute hepatitis E with severe jaundice and risk factors

Risk factors	SE	P value	OR	95%CI
Viral load	0.002	0.026	1.005	1.001-1.009
Age	0.011	0.016	1.026	1.005-1.048
Sex	0.464	0.008	0.291	0.117-0.772
Fever	0.203	0.243	1.268	0.851-1.888
ALT	0.000	0.741	1.000	1.000-1.000
AST	0.000	0.573	1.000	1.000-1.001
GGT	0.001	0.009	0.997	0.995-0.999
ALP	0.002	0.825	1.000	0.996-1.003
ALB	0.036	0.000	0.857	0.799-0.919
TBA	0.001	0.000	1.006	1.004-1.009
CHE	0.000	0.000	1.000	0.999-1.000
PTA	0.007	0.000	0.975	0.963-0.988
HBsAg	0.431	0.303	1.560	0.670-3.632
Alcohol overconsumption	0.309	0.003	2.476	1.350-4.542
Duration for admission	0.009	0.000	1.038	1.020-1.056

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALB: Albumin; CHE: Acetylcholine esterase; TBA: Total bile acid; PTA: Prothrombin index; HBsAg: Hepatitis B virus surface antigen; OR: Odds ratio.