Relationship between LYVE-1, VEGFR-3 and CD44 gene expressions and lymphatic metastasis in gastric cancer

Table 1 Primer sequences for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

Genes	Primer sequences (5'-3')	Chromosome	PCR products (bp)
LYVE-1	F: CCAGTGAGCCGACAGTTTGCAG
	R: CAGGTATTGTAGAGTAAGGGGATGCC	11p15	184
VEGFR-3	F: ACGGCCTGGTGAGTGGC
	R: CGTTTGACTCCTCCGTGATG	5q35.3	63
CD44	F: GCAACTCCTAGTAGTACAACGGAAGA
	R: CGATATCCCTCATGCCATCTGA	11p13	80
GAPDH	F: GGCTGAGAACGGGAAGCTTGTCAT
	R: CAGCCTTCTCCATGGTGGTGAAGA	12p13	143

PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; LYVE-1: Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1; VEGFR-3: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3.

Table 2 Clinicopathological features and expression levels of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 and CD44 genes in patients with gastric cancer

Features	n	LYVE-1	P	CD44	P	VEGFR-3	P
Lauren type
Intestinal	15	0.76 (0.04-2.66)	NS	1.14 (0.17-2.80)	NS	1.20 (0.02-3.70)	NS
Diffuse	18	0.81 (0.09-3.12)		1.14 (0.28-2.51)		0.87 (0.26-1.83)
Differentiation
Well	14	0.80 (0.04-2.66)	NS	1.14 (0.17-2.80)	NS	1.23 (0.02-3.70)	NS
Poor	19	0.78 (0.09-3.12)		1.14 (0.28-2.51)		0.86 (0.26-1.83)
T-stage
T2	2	0.54 (0.15-0.93)	NS	0.39 (0.17-0.60)	NS	0.6	NS
T3	17	0.69 (0.04-2.66)		1.17 (0.28-2.80)		0.99 (0.02-2.94)
T4	14	1.0 (0.10-3.12)		1.24 (0.47-2.14)		1.0 (0.26-3.70)
Vascular invasion
Negative	15	0.82 (0.15-1.68)	NS	1.80 (0.60-2.80)	NS	1.06 (0.60-1.57)	NS
Positive	18	0.96 (0.10-3.12)		1.07 (0.28-2.14)		1.13 (0.26-3.70)
Perineural invasion
Negative	10	0.32 (0.10-0.93)	0.020	0.57 (0.17-0.76)	0.020	0.8 (0.26-2.21)	NS
Positive	23	1.0 (0.04-3.12)		1.40 (0.31-2.80)		1.13 (0.02-3.70)
Neural invasion
Negative	15	0.78 (0.04-3.12)	NS	0.95 (0.17-2.80)	NS	0.93 (0.02-2.94)	NS
Positive	18	0.84 (0.21-2.22)		1.48 (0.46-2.51)		1.24 (0.40-3.70)
Lymph nodes
Negative	5	0.66 (0.15-1.68)	NS	0.74 (0.17-1.61)	NS	0.86 (0.30-2.21)	NS
Positive	28	0.82 (0.04-3.12)		1.22 (0.28-2.80)		1.06 (0.02-3.70)
PLN/TLN ratio
≤ 0.4	25	0.53 (0.04-1.68)	NS	1.06 (0.17-2.80)	NS	0.83 (0.02-2.21)	NS
> 0.4	8	2.0 (0.69-3.12)	0.003	1.53 (0.47-2.40)	NS	1.97 (0.28-3.70)	0.050

PLN: Positive lymph nodes; TLN: Total lymph nodes; NS: Not significant; LYVE-1: Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1; VEGFR-3: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3.