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©2011 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 14, 2011; 17(14): 1807-1816
Published online Apr 14, 2011. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i14.1807
Published online Apr 14, 2011. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i14.1807
Table 1 Characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals with chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C, liver disease, and overall; Adult/adolescent spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus-related diseases project, 11 U.S. metropolitan areas; 1998-2004 n (%)
Total | Chronic hepatitis B | Hepatitis C | Liver disease | |
Characteristic | = 29 490 | = 23321 | = 54632 | = 8321 |
(100%) | (8%) | (19%) | (3%) | |
Gender | ||||
Male | 72 | 84 | 74 | 78 |
Female | 28 | 16 | 26 | 22 |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||
White non-Hispanic | 25 | 31 | 24 | 34 |
Black non-Hispanic | 43 | 49 | 42 | 34 |
Hispanic | 19 | 11 | 22 | 29 |
Asian/Pacific Islander non-Hispanic | 1 | 1 | < 1 | 1 |
Native American non-Hispanic | < 1 | < 1 | 10 | 1 |
Other/unknown | 11 | 8 | < 1 | 2 |
Age (yr) | ||||
13-29 | 24 | 22 | 11 | 13 |
30-39 | 43 | 46 | 41 | 40 |
40-49 | 25 | 24 | 37 | 34 |
50+ | 8 | 7 | 11 | 13 |
HIV transmission mode: | ||||
MSM | 39 | 48 | 17 | 30 |
IDU | 18 | 18 | 49 | 39 |
IDU and MSM | 7 | 12 | 15 | 12 |
Other (i.e. heterosexual or blood product exposure) | 16 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
Unknown | 20 | 13 | 10 | 10 |
Ever prescribed HAART | ||||
Yes | 66 | 75 | 67 | 72 |
No | 34 | 25 | 33 | 28 |
Nadir CD4 count in cells/µL | ||||
≥ 500 | 11 | 6 | 10 | 5 |
200-499 | 34 | 30 | 32 | 22 |
< 200 | 55 | 64 | 58 | 74 |
Highest viral load in copies per mL | ||||
Undetectable to 9999 | 28 | 23 | 25 | 19 |
10 000-99 999 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 |
100 000-999 999 | 33 | 38 | 35 | 42 |
1 000 000 and higher | 7 | 7 | 8 | 7 |
Vital status | ||||
Alive | 85 | 80 | 80 | 43 |
Died | 15 | 20 | 20 | 57 |
AIDS diagnosis | ||||
Never diagnosed with AIDS | 37 | 26 | 32 | 19 |
AIDS | 63 | 74 | 68 | 81 |
Substance use | ||||
Alcohol use/problem drinking | 23 | 31 | 40 | 49 |
Non-IDU | 29 | 39 | 44 | 37 |
Ongoing IDU | 8 | 10 | 25 | 17 |
Table 2 Chronic and acute hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and liver disease prevalence versus incidence (and rates of disease occurrence) among human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals: Adult/adolescent spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus-related diseases project, 11 U.S. metropolitan areas; 1998-2004 (n)
Diagnoses | Total | Incident | Present at baseline |
(% of 29 490) | [rate per 100 person-years (py)] | (% of 29 490) | |
All liver disease | 832 (3) | 621 (0.9/100 py) | 212 (1) |
Chronic hepatitis B | 2332 (8) | 1212 (1.8/100 py) | 1120 (4) |
Hepatitis C | 5463 (19) | 3129 (4.7/100 py) | 2334 (8) |
Acute hepatitis B | 862 (3) | 575 (0.8/100 py) | 287 (1) |
Table 3 Types of liver disease diagnosed among human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. Adult/adolescent spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus-related diseases project, 11 U.S. metropolitan areas; 1998-2004 n (%)
Liver diseases diagnosed | Not exclusive categories |
All liver disease | 832 (100) |
All cirrhosis | 389 (47) |
Non-alcoholic cirrhosis | 262 (31) |
Alcoholic cirrhosis | 165 (20) |
Both | 38 (5) |
Other alcoholic liver disease excluding cirrhosis | 39 (5) |
Liver cancer | 25 (3) |
Liver failure (not otherwise specified) | 22 (3) |
Other liver diseases | 244 (29) |
Table 4 Overall death rates and deaths potentially due to liver disease among individuals with chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and liver disease diagnoses among human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals followed by the Adult/adolescent spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus-related diseases project, 11 U.S. metropolitan areas; 1998-2004
Diagnoses | Number of deaths | Overall death rate [Per 1000 person-years (py)] | Potential liver disease death rate [(Per 1000 person-years py)]1 |
Entire cohort | 4461 | 64.2 | 2.9 |
Liver disease | 475 | 73.0 | 31.0 |
HCV | 1073 | 74.4 | 7.0 |
Chronic hepatitis B | 455 | 68.9 | 6.4 |
No HCV, no chronic HBV | 3099 | 61.4 | 1.5 |
Table 5 Correlates of liver disease, chronic hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus by multivariate (proportional hazards) analyses. Adult/adolescent spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus-related diseases project, 11 U.S. metropolitan areas; 1998-2004
Proportional hazards ratio1-an estimate of relative risk (95% CI) | |||
Characteristic | Liver disease | Chronic HBV | HCV |
Male gender | 1.2 (1.0-1.5) | 1.7 (1.4-2.0) | 1.3 (1.1-1.4) |
White non-hispanic | 1.9 (1.6-2.3) | 1.0 (0.9-1.1) | 1.3 (1.1-1.4) |
Hispanic | 2.2 (1.8-2.7) | 0.7 (0.6-0.8) | 1.4 (1.3-1.4) |
Asian/pacific islander non-hispanic | 2.3 (1.1-5.0) | 1.0 (0.5-1.8) | 1.0 (0.6-1.7) |
Native American non-Hispanic | 3.1 (1.5-6.3) | 0.3 (0.1-1.3) | 1.4 (0.9-2.1) |
Each increase in decade of age relative to those 13-29 yr | 1.4 (1.3-1.5) | 1.0 (1.9-1.1) | 1.3 (1.2-1.3) |
MSM | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | 1.4 (1.2-1.7) | 0.7 (0.7-0.8) |
IDU | 2.2 (1.8-2.6) | 1.2 (1.1-1.4) | 4.7 (4.4-5.1) |
Hemophiliac | 2.6 (1.0-6.5) | 0.9 (0.3-2.8) | 7.0 (4.8-10.2) |
HAART | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 0.4 (0.4-0.4) |
CD4 < 200 cells/microliter | 1.8 (1.2-2.6) | 3.9 (2.9-5.2) | 1.6 (1.4-1.9) |
CD4 200-499 cells/microliter | 1.0 (0.7-1.5) | 2.0 (1.5-2.7) | 1.3 (1.1-1.5) |
Alcohol use/problem drinking | 1.4 (1.1-1.6) | 0.7 (0.6-0.8) | 1.1 (1.0-1.2) |
Chronic HBV | 1.4 (1.1-1.7) | N/A | 1.3 (1.1-1.4) |
HCV | 1.6 (1.3-1.9) | 1.6 (1.4-1.8) | N/A |
- Citation: Buskin SE, Barash EA, Scott JD, Aboulafia DM, Wood RW. Hepatitis B and C infection and liver disease trends among human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17(14): 1807-1816
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v17/i14/1807.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v17.i14.1807