Impact of remote ischemic preconditioning on wound healing in small bowel anastomoses

Table 1 Observations during the planned re-laparotomy on postoperative day 4

Group	n	Dehiscence	Abscess	Hemorrhage	Ileus	Expelled
Control	10	1	0	1	1	3
RIPC 5/20	9	1	1	0	0	1
RIPC 5/30	11	1	1	0	0	1
RIPC 10/20	14	0	0	0	0	0
RIPC 10/30	10	0	0	0	0	0
Arginine	9	0	1	0	0	1

RIPC: Remote ischemic preconditioning

Table 2 Mucosal injury scale from Chiu et al[23]

Grade	Definition
0	Normal mucosal villi
1	Development of subepithelial Gruenhagen’s space at the apex of the villus, often with capillary congestion
2	Extension of the subepithelial space with moderate lifting of the epithelial layer from the lamina propria
3	Massive epithelial lifting down the sides of villi, possibly with few denuded tips
4	Denuded villi with lamina propria and dilated capillaries exposed, possibly with increased cellularity of lamina propria
5	Digestion and disintegration of the lamina propria, hemorrhage and ulceration