Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pancreatic and biliary tract disease in Korean children

Table 1 Indications for ERCP in 122 children n (%)

Indications	No. of patients	No. of procedures
Biliary indication	78 (64.0)	103 (42.0)
Choledochal cyst	40 (32.8)	60 (24.5)
Choledocholithiasis	24 (19.7)	27 (11.0)
Suspected sclerosing cholangitis	8 (6.6)	8 (3.3)
Trauma	2 (1.6)	4 (1.6)
Biliary complication after liver transplantation	2 (1.6)	2 (0.8)
Biliary stenosis after operation	1 (0.8)	1 (0.4)
Biliary atresia	1 (0.8)	1 (0.4)
Pancreatic indication	43 (35.2)	141 (57.6)
Acute pancreatitis	7 (5.7)	10 (4.1)
Acute recurrent pancreatitis	11 (19.7)	23 (9.4)
Chronic pancreatitis	20 (16.4)	102 (41.6)
Pancreatic mass	2 (1.6)	2 (0.8)
Trauma	3 (2.4)	4 (1.6)
Chronic abdominal pain	1 (0.8)	1 (0.4)
Total	122	245

ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Table 2 Diagnostic findings in 78 patients with biliary indications

Diagnosis (number of patients)	ERCP findings
	Bile duct stone	CBD dilatation	CBD stricture	SC	Bile leak	AUPBD	Normal	Failure
Choledochal cyst (n = 40)	30	38	9			25		1
Choledocholithiasis (n = 24)	24	19	4			6
Suspected SC (n = 8)				4			4
Trauma (n = 2)			1		1
Biliary complication after liver transplantation (n = 2)					1		1
Biliary stenosis after operation (n = 1)			1					1
Biliary atresia (n = 1)								1

CPD: Common bile duct; SC: Sclerosing cholangitis; AUPBD: Anomalous union of the pancreaticobiliary duct.

Table 3 Diagnostic findings in 43 patients with pancreatic indications

Diagnosis (number of patients)	ERCP findings
	PD dilat-ation	PD sten-osis	Pancreati-colith	PD anomaly	AUPBD	Pancreas divisum	Trans-section of pancreas	Other	Normal	Failure
Acute pancreatitis (n = 7)		1	1					1 CBD stenosis	4
Acute recurrent pancreatitis (n = 11)		2		2	2	2			3
Chronic pancreatitis (n = 20)	16	11	6	1	1	8				1
Pancreatic mass (n = 2)	1							1 SPPN
Trauma (n = 3)							3

SPPN: Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm; PD: Pancreatic duct.

Table 4 Therapeutic procedures during 245 ERCPs

Type of endoscopic therapy	Number of procedures (% of 245 cases)
Endoscopic nasal drainage	127 (51.8)
Biliary sphincterotomy	93 (38.0)
Pancreatic sphincterotomy	57 (23.3)
Stone extraction	46 (18.8)
Stent insertion	37 (15.1)
Balloon dilatation	27 (11.0)
Endoscopic drainage of pseudocyst	2 (0.8)

Table 5 Incidence of complications following 245 ERCPs

Type of complications	Number of episodes (% of 245 cases)
Pancreatitis	16 (6.5)
Ileus	23 (9.4)
Hemorrhage	2 (0.8)
Perforation	2 (0.8)
Sepsis	1 (0.4)
Impacted basket	1 (0.4)