Clinical relevance of Helicobacter pylori babA2 and babA2/B in Costa Rica and Japan

Table 1 PCR primers and conditions for detection of babA2, babB and babA2/B genes

Region	Primer	Nucleotide sequence (5’- 3’)	PCR conditions	Ref.
babA2	babA-F	AATCCAAAAAGGAGAAAAAGTATGAAA		[4]
	babA-R	TGTTAG TGATTTCGGTGTAGGACA
	babA2-Fnc1	GAAAAAACATGAAAAAACACATCCTTTCAT		[16]
	babA2-Rmn2	TCTGGGTTAATGGCTTGCC
babB	babB-Fnc1	CTCTCTCTCGTTTTTGCTCCA	96°C for 2 min, 30 cycles (96°C for 30 s, 48°C for 30 s, 72°C for 1 min)	This study
	babB-Rnc1	CTTCATAACACACCCCTAAAGAGTC
	babB-Fnc3	ATGAAAAAAACCCTTTTACTC	96°C for 2 min, 30 cycles (96°C for 30 s, 46°C for 30 s, 72°C for 1 min)	This study
	babB-Rnc3	TGACCTGGATTGGTGCCCCTACG
babA2/B	babA-F	AATCCAAAAAGGAGAAAAAGTATGAAA		[4]
	babB-Rnc1	CTTCATAACACACCCCTAAAGAGTC
	babA2-Fnc1	GAAAAAACATGAAAAAACACATCCTTTCAT		[16]
	babB-Rnc1	CTTCATAACACACCCCTAAAGAGTC	96°C for 2 min, 30 cycles (96°C for 30 s, 62°C for 30 s, 72°C for 1 min)	This study
	babB-Rnc21	CTACGCTCACCCCCTTGTACTTC	96°C for 2 min, 30 cycles (96°C for 30 s, 63°C for 30 s, 72°C for 1 min)	This study
	babB-Rnc31	TGACCTGGATTGGTGCCCCTACG	96°C for 2 min, 30 cycles (96°C for 30 s, 62°C for 30 s, 72°C for 1 min)	This study

¹Used with babA2-Fnc1.

Table 2 Characteristics of Costa Rican and Japanese dyspeptic patients

	Costa Rican			Japanese
	AG	NAG	P-value	AG	NAG	P-value
Patients number	29	66		48	47
Sex (M/F)	15/14	26/40	0.264	24/24	26/21	0.604
mean age ± SD (yr)	54.8 ± 12.9	48.9 ± 12.8	0.041	68.4 ± 10.2	58.4 ± 14.1	< 0.001

AG: Atrophic gastritis; NAG: Non-atrophic gastritis; SD: Standard deviation.

Table 3 H. pylori babA2, babB and babA2/B genes according to atrophic gastritis in Costa Rican and Japanese patients

	Costa Rican patients				Japanese patients
Gene	AG/NAG	P	OR	95% CI	AG/NAG	P	OR	95% CI
babA2
Pos	27/43	0.01	7.80	1.63-37.40	46/46	0.88	0.82	0.06-10.70
Neg	2/23		1.00	(Ref.)	2/1		1.00	(Ref.)
babB
Pos	25/52	0.54	1.47	0.42-5.12	45/41	0.18	3.00	0.61-14.70
Neg	4/14		1.00	(Ref.)	3/6		1.00	(Ref.)
babA2/B
Pos	6/5	0.10	3.07	0.80-11.80	0/1	1.00	0.00
Neg	23/61		1.00	(Ref.)	48/46		1.00	(Ref.)

Pos: Positive; Neg: Negative; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence intervals. Separate models were fitted to obtain an odds ratio for each gene with adjustment for gender and age in each country. P < 0.05 was considered significant.