R0 resection in the treatment of gastric cancer: Room for improvement

Table 1 Trials of preoperative chemotherapy in gastric cancer

Author	Phase	Selection criteria	Preoperative	Postoperative	Pts	R0 (%)1	Pathological CR (%)	Median survival (mo)
Ajani et al[154], 1991	II	M0 Resectable (+ GEJ)	EFP × 2	EFP × 3	25	72	0	15
Leichman et al[155], 1992	II	M0 Resectable	FPL × 2	IP FUDR + P cisplatin × 2	38	88	8	> 17
Kang et al[156], 1992	III RCT	M0 Loc. advanced	EFP × 3	EFP × 3-6	53	79	8	43
			None		54	61	-	30
Ajani et al[157], 1993	II	M0 Resectable	EAP × 3	EAP × 2	48	90	0	16
Rougier et al[158], 1994	II	M0 Loc. advanced (+ GEJ)	FP × 6	None	30	78	0	16
Kelsen et al[159], 1996	II	M0 Loc. advanced	FAMTX × 3	IP FP + F	56	77	NS	15
Crookes et al[160], 1997	II	M0 Resectable (+ GEJ)	FPL × 2	IP FUDR + IP cisplatin × 2	59	71	9	52
Songun et al[161], 1999	II RCT	T2-T4; M0	FAMTX × 4	None	27	75	NS	18
			None		29	75	-	30
Schuhmacher et al[162], 2001	II	III-IV; M0 (+ GEJ)	EAP	None	42	86	0	19
D'Ugo et al[163], 2006	II	T3-T4 anyN; T ≤ 2 N+; M0	EEP × 3 or ECF × 3	EEP × 3 or ECF × 3	34	82	3	> 28
Cunningham et al[117], 2006	III RCT	II-IV; M0 (+ GEJ)	ECF × 3	ECF × 3	250	74	NS	18
			None	None	253	68	-	30
Boige et al[164], 2007	III RCT	Resectable (+ GEJ)	FP × 3	FP × 3	113	84	NS	NS
			None	None	111	73	-
Schuhmacher et al[165], 2009	III RCT	Loc. advanced T3-T4NxM0	FP × 2	None	72	81.9	NS	> 36
			None		72	66.7
Kinoshita et al[166], 2009	II	Schirrous Resectable	TS-1 × 2	None	55	80.8	0	NS

¹The “R0” resection rate was calculated only among resection procedures. Pts: Number of patients recruited R0, curative (R0) resections; CR: Complete response; GEJ: Gastroesophageal junction; EFP: Etoposide, fluorouracil, and cisplatin; FPL: Fluorouracil, cisplatin, and leucovorin; IP: Intraperitoneal; FUDR: 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; EAP: Etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin; FP: Fluorouracil and cisplatin; FAMTX: Fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and methotrexate; F: Fluorouracil; NS: Not stated; EEP: Etoposide, epirubicin and cisplatin; ECF: Epirubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil.