Specific endoscopic features of ulcerative colitis complicated by cytomegalovirus infection

Table 1 Characteristics of enrolled patients

	CMV positive (n = 15)	CMV negative (n = 58)	P value
Gender
Male	8 (53)	26 (45)	0.55
Female	7 (47)	32 (55)
Age (yr), median (range)	42 (17-65)	34 (14-81)	0.72
Duration of disease (d), median (range)	528 (15-9358)	1503 (5-10 791)	0.40
Disease activity at admission
Moderate	9 (60)	41 (71)	0.43
Severe	6 (40)	17 (29)
Extent of disease
Pancolitis	12 (80)	42 (72)	0.74
Left-sided	3 (20)	16 (28)
Current use of corticosteroids
Yes	15 (100)	47 (81)	0.11
No	0 (0)	11 (19)
Current use of immunomodulators (AZA/6-MP)
Yes	1 (7)	7 (12)	> 0.99
No	14 (93)	51 (88)

Data are numbers with percentages in parentheses or medians with ranges in parentheses. CMV: Cytomegalovirus.

Table 2 The correlations between CMV positivity and endoscopic findings

	CMV positive (n = 15)	CMV negative (n = 58)	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	PPV (%)	NPV (%)	Odds ratio	95% CI	P value
Easy bleeding
Severe	6 (40)	7 (12)	40	88	46	85	2.20	1.14-4.28	0.02
Not severe	9 (60)	51 (88)
Loss of the vascular pattern
Severe	13 (87)	37 (64)	87	36	26	91	1.92	0.95-5.01	0.11
Not severe	2 (13)	21 (36)
Edema
Severe	12 (80)	33 (57)	80	43	27	89	1.74	0.92-3.79	0.11
Not severe	3 (20)	25 (43)
Erythema
Severe	13 (87)	39 (67)	87	33	25	90	1.78	0.88-4.64	0.15
Not severe	2 (13)	19 (33)
Mucinous exudates
Severe	4 (27)	11 (19)	27	81	27	81	1.25	0.61-2.36	0.51
Not severe	11 (73)	47 (81)
Wide mucosal defect
≥ 1/4 field	8 (53)	3 (5)	53	95	72	89	4.58	2.21-10.73	0.0001
< 1/4 field	7 (47)	55 (95)
Punched-out ulceration
Yes	12 (80)	15 (26)	80	74	44	93	3.39	1.78-7.46	0.0006
No	3 (20)	43 (74)
Longitudinal ulceration
Yes	11 (73)	13 (22)	73	78	46	92	3.09	1.66-6.26	0.0007
No	4 (27)	45 (78)
Irregular ulceration
Yes	15 (100)	34 (59)	100	41	31	100	ND	ND	ND
No	0 (0)	24 (41)
Cobblestone-like appearance
Yes	7 (47)	10 (17)	47	83	41	86	2.05	1.11-3.82	0.02
No	8 (53)	48 (83)

PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; ND: Not determined.