Management of bleeding from pseudoaneurysms following pancreaticoduodenectomy

Table 1 Clinical features of 27 patients with ruptured pseudoaneurysms

Initial sign or symptom	n (%)
Intraabdominal drain bleeding	11 (41)
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding	8 (30)
Intraabdominal drain bleeding with GI bleeding	2 (7)
Hypotension	2 (7)
Abdominal distension	2 (7)
Syncope	1 (4)
Arrest	1 (4)

Table 2 List of complications that present prior to the rupture of pseudoaneurysms

Complication	n (%)
Pancreatico-enterostomy leakage	12 (44)
Wound dehiscence or infection	3 (11)
Hepaticojejunostomy leakage	1 (4)
Abdominal abscess	1 (4)
No evidence of complication	10 (37)

Table 3 List of different sites of pseudoaneurysm rupture and hemorrhage

Site	n (%)
Gastroduodenal artery	11 (42)
Right hepatic artery	4 (15)
Proper hepatic artery	2 (7)
Common hepatic artery	2 (7)
Right gastric artery	2 (7)
Left hepatic artery	1 (4)
Superior mesenteric artery	1 (4)
Pancreatic branch of splenic artery	1 (4)
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery	1 (4)