Impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the course of hepatitis C virus infection: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of these studies and their participating subjects

Reference country	Years (data collected)	Study design	Characteristics of patients	Total Patients infected with HIV-/HIV+	Duration of HCV infectionHIV+/HIV- (yr)	Outcome	Covariates
USA[15]	1982-1991	Prospective cohort	Hemophilia; mean age 23 yr (2-69), 93% males, 97% whites	58/91	10-25	Liver failure	Liver function, CD4 count, excluding positive HBsAg
UK[16]	1979-1993	Retrospective cohort	Hemophilia, mean age 34 yr	109/74	15	Death, DLD	Age, type of hemophilia, CD4, 2%HBsAg+
UK[17]	1968-1995	Prospective cohort	Hemophilia, mean age 38.3 yr, 92% males, mean age of HCV infection 21 yr, follow-up time 28 yr	102/36	UK	Death	type of hemophilia, 2%HBsAg+, Pre-HAART
Italy[18]	1989-1994	Multicentre cohort	Voluntary liver biopsy patients; HIV-HCV coinfection, mean age 28 yr, 77% males, 97%IDU. HCV-infection: mean age 37 yr, 62% males, main routes of IDU and transfusion	431/116	11.3/7.6	Histological cirrhosis	Duration of HCV infection, HCV-VL, CD4, excluding alcohol, other hepatitis virus infection
Germany[19]	1989-1995	Retrospective	Voluntary liver biopsy patients; HIV-HCV coinfection, mean age 34 yr, 95% males. HCV-infection, :mean age 42 yr, 70% males	33/22	> 10	Histological fibrosis/cirrhosis	Age, sex, CD4, 2 cases of HBsAg+
Italy[20]	1992-	Prospective Multicentre	Hemophilia, 98% males	243/141	> 20	HCC, cirrhosis, death	Age, type of hemophilia
France[21]	UK	Retrospective	IDU, mean age 33 yr, 75% males, 35%Etoh	150/60	11.8/12.3	Histological cirrhosis	duration of HCV, 7.5%HBsAg+EtOH
Canada[22]	1982-1998	Prospective, cohort	Hemolphilia, mean age 22.2/19.7 yr	53/81	17	Death	Type of hemophilia
France[12]	1995-1998	Retrospective	Voluntary liver biopsy patients, 90%IDU, mean age 35.5 yr, 72% males	122/122	13	Histological fibrosis/cirrhosis	pre-HAART era, 1 HBsAg+, Sex, Etoh, age of HCV infection, CD4, excluding HBsAg+
UK[23]	1985-1999	Prospective	Hemophilia, mean age 17 yr	185/125	17	Death	HCV genotype, age of HCV infection, Etoh, 6 cases of HBsAg+
France[24]	1980-1995	Retrospective	IDU, mean age 31 yr, 73% males, HIV+ group: 62%IFN treatment. HIV- group: 77% IFN treatment	80/80	10.2/10.6	Cirrhosis, death	Alcohol, HCV genotype
USA[25]	1978-1999	Prospective	Hemaphilia, 96.2% whites	72/85	UK	DLD, death	HbsAg, alcohol
Greece[26]	1981-1987	Prospective	Hemophilia, 90% males, most whites, mean age of HIV+ 21 yr, mean age of HIV-18yr	624/1194	UK	DLD	Age, alcohol consume, CD4 count, duration of HCV infection, 7% HBsAg+
UK[27]	1994-2002	Retrospective	Voluntary liver biopsy patients, mean age 38.8 yr, 73% males, 77%IDU	153/55	23/21	Histological fibrosis/cirrhosis	Sex, age of HCV infection, Etoh, HAART, excluding HBV
Spain[28]	1998-2001	Cross-section	Voluntary liver biopsy patients, mean age 40 yr, 75% males, genotype 1, IDU 88% of positive HIV, 88%HIV with ARV treatment	75/75	UK	Histological fibrosis/cirrhosis	Sex, age of HCV infection, HAART, HCV-VL, excluding alcohol, HBsAg
France[29]	2000.4-2000.12	Prospective	Most of IDU, mean age 38 yr, most of genotype 3 or 4, 67% males, 11% with alcohol consume	33/33	15/14	Histological fibrosis/cirrhosis	HCV genotype, HCV-VL, CD4, HIV-VL, excluding alcohol, HBsAg
China[30]	2001-2003	Retrospective	CHC of inpatients, all blood transfusion. HIV+ group, :mean age 38 yr, 50% males. HIV-group 39yr, 39% males, pre-HAART era	33/140	< 15	Clinical cirrhosis	CD4 count, excluding alcohol, HBsAg
USA[31]	1997-2004	UK	CHC, main genotype 1. IDU 76%. HIV+group: mean age 47 yr, 92% males, 15% alcohol consume. HIV-group: mean age 49 yr, 87% males, 31% alcohol consume	372/92	24/22	Histological fibrosis/cirrhosis	HCV genotype, HCVVL, BMI, HIV-VL, CD4 count
USA[32]	UK	Prospective	Voluntary liver biopsy patients, main genotype 1, all IDU. HIV+ group: mean age 47 yr, 77% males. HIV-group: mean age 47 yr, 60% males, 83% with HAART	57/40	UK	Histological fibrosis/cirrhosis	HCV-VL, HCV genotype, CD4, HIV-VL
USA[33]	1991-2000	Retrospective	CHC with inpatients, mean age 45 yr, 97% males, 58% without HAART	26641/4761	UK	HC, HCC	HAART
Canada[34]	1982-2003	Cohort	Hemophilia, 98% pre-HAART era	712/444	UK	Death	Type of hemophilia
Spain[35]	1997-2002	Multicentre Retrospective	Patients with decompensated HCV-related cirrhosis, HIV-infected: mean age 38 yr, 86% males, 86% IDU, HCV genotype1 63%, HbsAg 24%. HIV-uninfected:mean age 66 yr, 58% males, HCV genotype1, 83% other sources of HCV infection. 91% HIV-infected patients with HAART	1037/180	26/15	Death	Age, HCV genotype, HCV-VL, excluding HBsAg
Spain[36]	1990-2002	Prospective	IDU, 77% males, follow-up time 8.6 yr	1418/1465	9.6/13.5	Death	Age, sex, HAART, HAART, 4.6% HbsAg+
UK[37]	1961-2005	Multicentre	Hemophilia, mean age 43 yr, 94% males, HCV genotype1 53%	497/190	27	DLD	Age, alcohol consume, HCV genotype,HAART, 2.8%HBsAg+
Zambia[38]	2000-2004	Retrospective	HIV-infected: mean age 38 yr, 76% males, 50% IDU. HIV-unifected: mean age 48 yr, 51% males, 31% blood transfusion. 91% HIV patients with HAART, time of HAART 3.6 yr	247/162	19.8/15	Histological fibrosis/cirrhosis	Age, sex, alcohol consume, HCV-VL, excluding HbsAg+
USA[39]	1999-2002	Retrospective	HIV+ :mean age 45 yr, 80% males, 72% IDU. HIV-: mean age 48 yr, 79% males, 58% IDU. 79% genotype 1. 95% HIV patients with HAART. time of HAART 3.6 yr	382/274	25/23	Histological fibrosis/cirrhosis	Age, alcohol consume, HCV genotype, HCV-VL, CD4, HIV-VL, excluding HBsAg
Dutch[40]	1985-2006	Prospective	IDU, mean age 30 yr, 64% males, follow-up time 9 yr (5-14)	565/256	8/10	Death	HAART, CD4
Zambia[41]	2003-2004	Retrospective	HIV+: mean age 40 yr, 79% males, 79% IDU. HIV-: mean age 46 yr, 45% males, 25% IDU	65/53	18.7/20.6	Histological fibrosis/cirrhosis	Liver function, HCV-VL, HCV genotype, CD4, excluding HbsAg, patients with DLD
France[42]	2004-2006	Retrospective	HIV+ mean age 43 yr, 67% males, 83% IDU HIV-: mean age 52 yr, 38% males, 45% blood transfusion; 88% HIV patients with HAART	656/287	23.5/22.1	Fibroscan of fibrosis/cirrhosis	Age, sex, BMI, HCV-subtype, HCV-VL, HIV-VL, CD4 count excluding HbsAg+, alcohol

DLD: Decompensated liver disease; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; IDU: Injection drug user; HAART: Highly active antiretroviral therapies; Etoh: Ethyl alcohol.