Factors relating to the short term effectiveness of percutaneous biliary drainage for hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Table 1 The clinical characteristics of patients with high and low bile output (mean ± SD)

	Bile output		P-value1
	> 300 mL (n = 33)	< 300 mL (n = 41)
Age (yr)	64.5 ± 10.3	67.7 ± 14.2	0.25
Sex (male:female)	20:13	19:22	0.35
Biochemical data
Albumin (g/dL)	3.4 ± 0.6	3.0 ± 0.5	0.01
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	12.2 ± 7.4	12.0 ± 8.5	0.92
ALT (U/L)	132.5 ± 184.5	142.6 ± 115.2	0.77
Prolonged prothrombin time (s)	1.0 ± 1.1	1.2 ± 1.3	0.42
Bilirubin reduction rate (%)	22.5 ± 41.2	13.6 ± 29.7	0.31
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	463.9 ± 301.8	552.9 ± 373.8	0.297
Imaging characteristics
Visualized bile ducts on PTC	2.7 ± 1.2	1.7 ± 1.0	0.0012
Tumor size (cm)	5.3 ± 2.9	4.6 ± 2.5	0.31
Diameter of bile duct (mm)	10.5 ± 6.1	11.1 ± 5.9	0.65
Approach side (right:left)	9:24	10:31	0.79
Bismuth type I/II/IIIa/IIIb/IV3	8/6/5/3/7	2/6/11/11/5	0.03
Lymphadenopathy	10	9	0.59
Liver metastasis	4	14	0.032
Peritoneal involvement	7	8	1.00

¹By Independent-Samples T test and χ² test as appropriate;

²Only the absence of multiple liver metastases and more intrahepatic bile ducts visualized on PTC were statistically significant in multivariate analysis;

³Eleven patients with ambiguous imaging that cannot be confidently classified were not included for analysis. PTC: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.

Table 2 Clinical characteristics between the patients who had rapid and slow bilirubin reduction rates after drainage (mean ± SD)

	Reduction		P-value1
	> 20% (n = 37)	< 20% (n = 33)
Age (yr)	67.6 ± 12.5	65.4 ± 12.3	0.515
Sex (male:female)	19:18	18:15	1.000
Biochemical data
Albumin (g/dL)	3.4 ± 0.5	3.0 ± 0.6	0.016
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	10.6 ± 5.9	15.0 ± 5.1	0.022
ALT (U/L)	172.3 ± 190.2	102.1 ± 70.0	0.048
Prolonged prothrombin time (s)	0.7 ± 0.7	1.7 ± 1.4	0.0012
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	499.5 ± 268.6	543.8 ± 428.8	0.630
Imaging characteristics
Visualized bile ducts on PTC	2.2 ± 1.2	2.1 ± 1.2	0.815
Tumor size (cm)	4.9 ± 2.6	4.9 ± 3.0	0.968
Diameter of bile duct (mm)	11.0 ± 5.9	10.4 ± 5.9	0.670
Approach side (right:left)	10:27	8:25	1.000
Bismuth type I/II/IIIa/IIIb/IV3	5/7/10/5/6	5/5/6/9/5	0.657
Lymphadenopathy	11	7	0.583
Liver metastasis	12	5	0.159
Peritoneal involvement	10	5	0.379

¹Abbreviations as in Table 1;

²In multivariate analysis, only the prothrombin time was significantly associated with bilirubin reduction;

³Abbreviations as in Table 1.