Alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults: A randomized multistage stratified cluster sampling investigation

Table 1 Sex and age related prevalence of current alcohol drinking in 3953 adults in Shanghai n (%)

Age (yr)	Total	Current drinking	Male	Current drinking	Female	Current drinking
20-29	139	8 (5.8)	61	7 (11.5)	78	1 (1.3)
30-39	157	16 (10.2)	65	15 (23.1)	92	1 (1.1)
40-49	895	118 (13.2)	306	108 (35.3)	589	10 (1.7)
50-59	1305	167 (12.8)	477	153 (32.1)	828	14 (1.7)
60-69	794	77 (9.7)	327	67 (19.1)	467	10 (2.1)
≥ 70	663	62 (9.4)	288	55 (19.1)	375	7 (1.9)
Total	3953	448 (11.3)	1524	405 (26.6)	2379	43 (1.8)

Current alcohol drinking is defined as more than once of alcohol drinking per mo in the past one year.

Table 2 Classification of 448 subjects with current alcohol drinking according to alcohol consumption n (%)

	Light drinking	Moderate drinking	Excessive drinking
Total (n = 448)	180 (40.2)	143 (31.9)	125 (27.9)
Male (n = 405)	149 (36.8)	133 (32.8)	123 (30.4)
Female (n = 43)	31 (72.1)	10 (23.3)	2 (4.7)
Age (yr)	54.47 ± 10.80	55.35 ± 11.62	55.05 ± 9.84
Alcohol intake (g/d)	2.60 ± 2.84	17.95 ± 5.07	58.30 ± 80.13

Light drinking is defined as average alcohol consumption of less than 10 g/d, moderate drinking as average daily alcohol consumption of 10-30 g, and excessive drinking as average alcohol consumption of equal to or more than 30 g/d in the past 12 mo.

Table 3 Effects of current alcohol drinking on metabolic syndrome features in 3953 Shanghai adults

	Non-drinking (n = 3505)	Current drinking (n = 448)	P value
Age (yr)	54.2 ± 12.4	54.9 ± 10.8	> 0.05
BMI (kg/m2)	24.6 ± 4.39	24.8 ± 3.84	> 0.05
Waist-to-hip ratio	0.84 ± 0.14	0.85 ± 0.15	0.12
SBP (mmHg)	129.0 ± 18.8	132.8 ± 17.2	< 0.001
DBP (mmHg)	81.8 ± 11.9	85.8 ± 10.4	< 0.001
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	1.36 ± 1.04	1.62 ± 1.38	< 0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.98 ± 0.97	4.91 ± 0.93	0.15
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.49 ± 0.40	1.57 ± 0.41	< 0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.90 ± 0.82	2.73 ± 0.83	< 0.001
FPG (mmol/L)	5.77 ± 1.60	5.98 ± 1.70	< 0.01
Obesity, n (%)	1512 (43.1)	199 (44.2)	0.67
Abdominal obesity, n (%)	1270 (36.2)	129 (28.8)	< 0.01
Hypertension, n (%)	1525 (43.5)	246 (45.9)	< 0.001
Hypertriglyceridemia, n (%)	874 (24.9)	140 (31.3)	< 0.001
Low HDL-C, n (%)	770 (22.0)	72 (16.1)	< 0.05
IFG/IGT, n (%)	950 (27.1)	118 (26.3)	0.24
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	540 (15.4)	45 (10.0)	< 0.01
Metabolic syndrome, n (%)	841 (24.0)	103 (23.0)	0.09

BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C: High-density-lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; IFG: Impaired fasting glucose; IGT: Impaired glucose tolerance.

Table 4 Effects of alcohol consumption on metabolic syndrome features in 448 subjects with current drinking according to the amount of alcohol consumption

	Light drinking (n = 180)	Moderate drinking (n = 143)	Excessive drinking(n = 125)	P value
BMI (kg/m2)	24.9 ± 3.25	24.7 ± 4.59	24.9 ± 3.72	> 0.05
Waist-to-hip ratio	0.85 ± 0.12	0.86 ± 0.14	0.84 ± 0.18	> 0.05
SBP (mmHg)	132.3 ± 16.6	132.6 ± 17.1	133.7 ± 18.3	< 0.05
DBP (mmHg)	85.7 ± 10.1	85.4 ± 9.4	86.5 ± 12.0	> 0.05
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	1.47 ± 1.12	1.77 ± 1.61	1.66 ± 1.41	> 0.05
TC (mmol/L)	4.92 ± 0.92	4.86 ± 0.92	4.96 ± 0.94	> 0.05
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.56 ± 0.39	1.57 ± 0.39	1.60 ± 0.44	< 0.05
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.74 ± 0.79	2.72 ± 0.77	2.71 ± 0.92	< 0.05
FPG (mmol/L)	5.92 ± 1.46	5.96 ± 1.60	6.09 ± 2.10	< 0.01
Obesity, n (%)	84 (46.7)	60 (42.0)	55 (44.0)	> 0.05
Abdominal obesity, n (%)	66 (36.7)	34 (23.8)	29 (23.2)	< 0.05
Hypertension, n (%)	100 (55.6)	73 (51.1)	73 (58.4)	> 0.05
Hypertriglyceridemia, n (%)	53 (29.4)	46 (32.2)	41 (32.8)	< 0.05
Low HDL-C, n (%)	36 (20.0)	24 (16.8)	12 (9.6)	< 0.01
IFG/IGT, n (%)	43 (23.9)	43 (30.1)	32 (25.6)	> 0.05
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	21 (11.7)	1 (0.70)	10 (8.0)	> 0.05
Metabolic syndrome, n (%)	46 (25.6)	32 (22.4)	25 (20.0)	< 0.05

BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C: High-density-lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; IFG: Impaired fasting glucose; IGT: Impaired glucose tolerance. P value for trend analysis reflects the overall difference among the three groups.