Comparison of immediate surgical outcomes between posterior pelvic exenteration and standard resection for primary rectal cancer: A matched case-control study

Table 1 Correlation between indications, tumor location and pathologic findings in PPE group (n = 10)

Suspected organs involved	n(lower:middle: upper rectum)	Pathological findings
		Direct invasion (T4)	Perirectal invasion (T3)	Positive lymph nodes (N-positive)
Vagina	1 (1:0:0)	0	1	1
Uterus	7 (0:5:2)	2	5	4
Ovaries	2 (0:1:1)	21	0	2
Total	10 (1:6:3)	4	6	7

¹Including 1 case of Krukenberg tumor.

Table 2 Patient- and tumor- related variables between PPE group and non PPE group (mean ± SD)

Variables	PPE (n = 10)	Non PPE (n = 20)	P
Patient related
Age (yr)	57.4 ± 13.5	57.8 ± 13.1	0.94
BMI (kg/m2)	22.2 ± 2.9	21.4 ± 3.7	0.58
ASA status I:II:III	30:50:20	45:50:05	0.39
Hypoalbuminemia1	50	25	0.23
Preoperative CEA (ng/mL)	36.9 ± 44.7	11.5 ± 21.0	0.12
Tumor related
Stage I:II:III:IV2	0:30:60:10	20:20:60:0	0.30
Tumor size (cm)	6.0 ± 2.2	4.8 ± 2.0	0.16
Location of the tumor	9.1 ± 3.3	9.0 ± 3.0	0.93
from the anal verge (cm)

BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American society of anesthesiologists; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.

¹Serum albumin less than 3.5 mg/dL;

²Patient with Krukenberg tumor.

Table 3 Operation related variables and surgical outcomes between PPE group and non PPE group (mean ± SD)

Variables	PPE (n = 10)	Non PPE (n = 20)	P value
Operation related
Operative time (min)	274 ± 73	157 ± 62b	< 0.001
Blood loss (mL)	769 ± 549	203 ± 136b	0.008
Outcomes
Complications	10	10	1.00
Time to first bowel movement (h)	70 ± 29	59 ± 26	0.31
Time to first defecation (d)	5.0 ± 1.2	4.6 ± 1.5	0.42
Time to resumption of normal diet (d)	5.8 ± 3.0	4.6 ± 0.9	0.09
Hospital stay (d)	11.5 ± 7.2	9.2 ± 4.1	0.26

^bP < 0.01.