Risk factors of gastric cancer specific for tumor location and histology in Cali, Colombia

Table 1 Gender specific distribution of age and hospitals n (%)

	Male				Female
	Case		Control		Case		Control
Total	136		271		80		160
Age (yr)
-49	25	(19)	50	(19)	13	(16)	26	(16)
50-54	18	(13)	36	(13)	7	(9)	14	(9)
55-59	13	(10)	26	(10)	6	(7)	12	(7)
60-64	19	(14)	38	(14)	12	(15)	24	(15)
65-69	16	(12)	32	(12)	14	(18)	28	(18)
70-74	24	(17)	48	(17)	15	(19)	30	(19)
75+	21	(15)	41	(15)	13	(16)	26	(16)
Hospital
ISS	43	(31)	85	(31)	24	(30)	48	(30)
HUV	66	(49)	132	(49)	38	(48)	76	(48)
HSJD	27	(20)	54	(20)	18	(22)	36	(22)

ISS: Instituto de los Seguros Sociales "Rafael Uribe Uribe"; HUV: Hospital Universitario del Valle; HSJD: Hospital San Juan de Dios.

Table 2 Clinicopathological features of GC cases (mean ± SD), n (%)

	Male		Age	Female		Age
Total	136			80
Tumor location
Upper third	16	(12)	65 ± 12	8	(10)	59.0 ± 14.8
Middle third	33	(24)	60 ± 12.8	19	(24)	62.4 ± 13.7
Lower third	74	(54)	61.3 ± 13.9	43	(54)	64.0 ± 13.1
Unknown	13	(10)	60.3 ± 15.5	10	(12)	62.1 ± 13.7
Histological type1
Intestinal	62	(46)	61.4 ± 13.7	24	(30)	66.6 ± 10.1
Diffuse	51	(37)	60.7 ± 14.1	36	(45)	60.3 ± 16.1
Unknown	23	(17)	61.6 ± 13.1	20	(25)	62.5 ± 12.0
Tumor depth
Mucosa/Submucosa	13	(10)	55.8 ± 15.4	3	(4)	80.3 ± 5.7
Muscular	4	(3)	64.8 ± 8.3	0	-	-
Serosa	68	(50)	60.6 ± 12.7	31	(39)	61.1 ± 13.5
Unknown	51	(37)	63.5 ± 14.3	46	(57)	63.0 ± 13.0

¹Histological patterns were classified on the basis of Japanese classification as follows: well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma (tub1), moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma (tub2), solid poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (por1), non-solid poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (por2), signet ring cell carcinoma (sig), and mucinous carcinoma (muc). Intestinal type consists of tub1, tub2, and muc, and diffuse type consists of por1, por2, and sig.

Table 3 Factors related to GC risk- results of conditional logistic analysis

	Case	Control	OR	(95% CI)	P
Birth order 1					0.1232
1	49	125	1	(referent)
2-3	80	152	1.3	(0.8-2.0)
4+	85	151	1.4	(0.9-2.2)
Salting meals before tasting					0.001
No	197	420	1	(referent)
Yes	19	11	3.5	(1.6-7.3)
Frequent fruits intake					0.046
No	7	4	1	(referent)
Yes	209	127	0.3	(0.1-1.0)
Frequent vegetable intake					0.041
No	8	5	1	(referent)
Yes	208	426	0.3	(0.1-1.0)
Steaming foods					0.782
No	172	347	1	(referent)
Yes	44	84	1.1	(0.7-1.6)
Frying foods					0.039
No	13	49	1	(referent)
Yes	203	382	1.9	(1.0-3.6)
Smoking foods					0.161
No	160	341	1	(referent)
Yes	56	90	1.3	(0.9-1.9)
Cooking with oven					0.105
No	158	289	1	(referent)
Yes	58	142	0.7	(0.5-1.1)
Cooking with coal					< 0.001
No	100	264	1	(referent)
Yes	116	167	1.8	(1.3-2.6)
Roasting foods					0.243
No	74	166	1	(referent)
Yes	142	265	1.2	(0.9-1.8)
Cigarette smoking					0.2312
			P for heterogeneity = 0.098
Never	78	188	1	(referent)
Ex-smoker	89	145	1.5	(1.0-2.3)
Current smoker	49	98	1.2	(0.8-1.9)
Cigarettes smoked per day					0.323 2
(ex-smoker and current smokers combined)			P for heterogeneity = 0.079
Never	78	188		(referent)
1-14	93	145	1.6	(1.1-2.3)
15-24	33	79	1	(0.6-1.7)
25+	12	19	1.6	(0.7-3.6)
Cigarette smoking (men only)					0.7312
			P for heterogeneity = 0.160
Never	36	88	1	(referent)
Ex-smoker	65	104	1.6	(1.0-2.6)
Current smoker	35	79	1.1	(0.6-1.9)

¹Information on birth order was missing in 2 cases and 3 controls;

²P for trend.

Table 4 Factors related to GC risk- results of histology specific analysis

	Histological type
	Intestinal			Diffuse
	Case	Control	OR (95% CI)	Case	Control	OR (95% CI)
Birth order 1
1	21	43	1.0 (referent)	16	58	1.0 (referent)
2+	65	125	1.1 (0.6-2.0)	70	116	2.0 (1.1-3.8)
			P = 0.876			P = 0.026
Salting meals before tasting
No	79	165	1.0 (referent)	79	172	1.0 (referent)
Yes	7	6	2.3 (0.8-6.9)	8	2	8.0 (1.7-37.7)
			P = 0.128			P = 0.009
Frequent fruit intake
No	4	1	1.0 (referent)	2	3	1.0 (referent)
Yes	82	170	0.1 (0.01-1.1)	85	171	0.8 (0.1-4.5)
			P = 0.063			P = 0.753
Frequent vegetable intake
No	4	2	1.0 (referent)	3	2	1.0 (referent)
Yes	82	169	0.2 (0.05 -1.4)	84	172	0.3 (0.1-2.0)
			P = 0.109			P = 0.229
Steaming foods
No	77	138	1.0 (referent)	64	139	1.0 (referent)
Yes	9	33	0.5 (0.2-1.1)	23	35	1.3 (0.8-2.5)
			P = 0.070			P = 0.263
Frying foods
No	4	14	1.0 (referent)	3	21	1.0 (referent)
Yes	82	157	1.8 (0.6-5.3)	84	153	3.7 (1.1-12.5)
			P = 0.324			P = 0.038
Smoking foods
No	65	132	1.0 (referent)	63	135	1.0 (referent)
Yes	21	39	1.1 (0.6-2.0)	24	39	1.3 (0.7-2.3)
			P = 0.792			P = 0.374
Cooking with oven
No	64	110	1.0 (referent)	61	117	1.0 (referent)
Yes	22	61	0.6 (0.3-1.1)	26	57	0.9 (0.5-1.6)
			P = 0.101			P = 0.617
Cooking with coal
No	37	108	1.0 (referent)	43	101	1.0 (referent)
Yes	49	63	2.2 (1.3-3.8)	44	73	1.4 (0.8-2.4)
			P = 0.003			P = 0.190
Roasting foods
No	30	70	1.0 (referent)	31	64	1.0 (referent)
Yes	56	101	1.4 (0.8-2.5)	56	110	1.1 (0.6-1.9)
			P = 0.282			P = 0.841
Cigarette smoking
Never	32	72	1.0 (referent)	30	88	1.0 (referent)
Ex-smoker	37	58	1.5 (0.8-2.6)	35	52	2.1 (1.1-4.0)
Current smoker	17	41	0.9 (0.4-1.9)	22	34	2.0 (1.0-4.2)
	P for trend = 0.931			P for trend = 0.027
	P for heterogeneity = 0.340			P for heterogeneity = 0.032

¹ Information on birth order was missing in a patient with diffuse-type GC and in 3 controls.

Table 5 Factors related to GC risk -- results of tumor-location specific analysis

	Tumor location
	Lower third			Middle third			Upper third
	Case	Control	OR (95% CI)	Case	Control	OR (95% CI)	Case	Control	OR (95% CI)
Birth order 1
1	26	77	1.0 (referent)	8	27	1.0 (referent)	10	8	1.0 (referent)
2+	90	155	1.7 (1.0-2.8)	44	75	1.9 (0.8-4.3)	14	40	0.3 (0.1-0.9)
			P = 0.054			P = 0.154			P = 0.028
Salting meals before tasting
No	106	228	1.0 (referent)	47	101	1.0 (referent)	22	47	1.0 (referent)
Yes	11	6	3.7 (1.4-9.9)	5	2	5.0 (1.0-25.8)	2	1	4.0 (0.4-44.1)
			P = 0.010			P = 0.054			P = 0.258
Frequent fruits intake
No	5	3	1.0 (referent)	2	1	1.0 (referent)	0	0	-
Yes	112	231	0.3 (0.1-1.3)	50	102	0.3 (0.02-2.7)	24	48	-
			P = 0.099			P = 0.258			-
Frequent vegetable intake
No	6	2	1.0 (referent)	1	1	1.0 (referent)	0	1	-
Yes	111	232	0.2 (0.03-0.8)	51	102	0.5 (0.03-8.0)	24	47	-
			P = 0.028			P = 0.624			-
Steaming foods
No	92	190	1.0 (referent)	42	83	1.0 (referent)	21	40	1.0 (referent)
Yes	25	44	1.2 (0.7-2.1)	10	20	1.0 (0.4-2.3)	3	8	0.7 (0.2-3.0)
			P = 0.564			P = 1.00			P = 0.639
Frying foods
No	6	30	1.0 (referent)	3	9	1.0 (referent)	1	2	1.0 (referent)
Yes	111	204	2.6 (1.1-6.2)	49	94	1.6 (0.4-6.0)	23	46	1.0 (0.09-11.02)
			P = 0.038			P = 0.525			P = 1.000
Smoking foods
No	90	183	1.0 (referent)	35	80	1.0 (referent)	17	38	1.0 (referent)
Yes	27	51	1.1 (0.7-1.8)	17	23	1.7 (0.8-3.6 )	7	10	1.5 (0.5-4.2)
			P = 0.791			P = 0.173			P = 0.468
Cooking with oven
No	83	154	1.0 (referent)	37	73	1.0 (referent)	19	30	1.0 (referent)
Yes	34	80	0.8 (0.5-1.3)	15	30	1.0 (0.5-2.1)	5	18	0.4 (0.1-1.4)
			P = 0.301			P = 1.000			P = 0.153
Cooking with coal
No	57	141	1.0 (referent)	20	63	1.0 (referent)	11	31	1.0 (referent)
Yes	60	93	1.6 (1.0-2.6)	32	40	2.2 (1.2-4.2)	13	17	2.3 (0.8-6.9)
			P = 0.037			P = 0.014			P = 0.109
Roasting foods
No	46	89	1.0 (referent)	16	43	1.0 (referent)	6	15	1.0 (referent)
Yes	71	145	0.9 (0.6-1.5)	36	60	1.8 (0.8-3.8)	18	33	1.3 (0.5-3.9)
			P = 0.798			P = 0.131			P = 0.597
Cigarette smoking
Never	41	107	1.0 (referent)	20	44	1.0 (referent)	5	23	1.0 (referent)
Ex-smoker	47	68	1.9 (1.1-3.4)	22	41	1.2 (0.6-2.5 )	13	15	3.7 (1.1-12.5)
Current	29	59	1.3 (0.7-2.3)	10	18	1.3 (0.5-3.4 )	6	10	3.0 (0.6-13.9)
smoker
	P for trend = 0.257			P for trend = 0.597			P for trend = 0.083
	P for heterogeneity = 0.059			P for heterogeneity = 0.859			P for heterogeneity = 0.070

¹Information on birth order was missing in a patient with tumor in the lower third of the stomach and in 3 controls.