Relationship between gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal symptoms and delayed gastric emptying in functional dyspeptic patients

Table 1 Prevalence, sensitivity and specificity and crude OR for delayed gastric emptying of symptoms and of fasting antral volume at three cut-off levels

	Prevalence %	Sensitivity %	Specificity %	OR
Pain centered in the upper abdomen	45.4	58.1	63.1	2.37
Discomfort centered in the upper abdomen	79.6	81.4	21.5	1.2
Upper abdominal bloating	84.3	88.4	18.5	1.72
Fullness	68.5	62.8	27.7	0.64
Early satiety	45.4	48.8	56.9	1.26
Nausea	42.6	53.5	64.6	2.1
Heartburn	26.9	34.9	78.5	1.95
Epigastric burning	11.1	9.3	87.7	0.73
Belching	74	74.4	26.1	1.03
Vomiting	27.8	20.9	67.7	0.55
Acid regurgitation	19.4	23.3	83	1.48
Drowsiness	16.7	32.6	93.9	7.36
Headache	41.7	46.5	61.5	1.39
Palpitation	7.4	6.9	92.3	0.9
Fasting antral volume (mL)
<10 mL (reference group)	33.3	18.6	43	1.09
10–14 mL	34.3	39.5	30.8	2.97
>15 mL	32.4	41.9	26.2	3.71

Table 2 AOR with 95%CI of having delayed gastric emptying on the basis of symptoms and fasting antral volume (FAV)

	Without FAV and BMI		With FAV and BMI
	AOR	95%CI	AOR	95%CI
Pain centered in the upper abdomen	3.74	1.34-10.41	2.78	0.92-8.41
Nausea	2.92	1.15-7.44	3.51	1.19-10.32
Postprandial fullness	0.41	0.14-1.14	0.27	0.08-0.84
Discomfort centered in the upper abdomen	3.42	0.88-13.25	4.59	0.99-21.20
Vomiting	0.44	0.15-1.31	0.32	0.09-1.11
Heartburn	-	-	2.31	0.80-6.71
Drowsiness	9.37	2.47-35.45	11.25	2.75-45.93
BMI	-	-	0.89	0.77-1.02
Fasting antral volume1	-	-	1.93	1.22-3.05

FAV: Fasting antral volume; AOR: adjusted odds-ratio.

¹AOR estimated per 5 mL increase (e.g., a FAV of 20 mL vs 15 mL).