Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligands suppress liver carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine in rats

Table 1 Effect of PPARγ ligands on the multiplicity of DEN-induced rGST P-positive foci in male Wistar rats (mean ± SD)

Experimental group	DEN	Diet	No. of rats	No. of rGST P-positive foci/cm2 of liver sections
Group 1	+	Basal diet alone	10	7.5 ± 3.1
Group 2	+	Basal diet + pioglitazone 200 ppm	10	2.5 ± 1.2a
Group 3	+	Basal diet + rosiglitazone 200 ppm	9	1.7 ± 1.1a
Group 4	+	Basal diet + troglitazone 1000 ppm	6	5.6 ± 2.3a
Group 5	-	Basal diet alone	5	0
Group 6	-	Basal diet + pioglitazone 200 ppm	5	0
Group 7	-	Basal diet + rosiglitazone 200 ppm	5	0
Group 8	-	Basal diet + troglitazone 1000 ppm	5	0

^aP < 0.05 vs group 1.

Table 2 Effect of PPARγ ligands on the incidence, multiplicity, and size of DEN-induced liver tumors in male Wistar rats (mean ± SD)

Experimental group	Incidence(%)1	Histology		Tumor size(mm)1
		Hepatocarcinoma	Multiplicity	0-1	1-2	> 2
DEN + basal diet	13/30 (43)	25	0.83 ± 1.22	2	4	19
DEN + pioglitazone 200 ppm	5/25 (20)a	8	0.32 ± 0.75a	3	2	3a

¹Statistical analysis was conducted using χ² test.

^aP < 0.05 vs DEN + basal diet group.