Contributions of the receptor for advanced glycation end products axis activation in gastric cancer

Figure 2 Overview of RAGE-dependent intracellular signaling. RAGE binding triggers myriad mechanisms that support tumor proliferation and survival, invasion, and metastasis. AGE: Advanced glycation end product; AP-1: Activator protein-1; CREB: cyclic-AMP response element binding; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; HMGB1: High mobility group box 1; JAK: Janus kinase; JNK: c-Jun n-terminal kinase; NF-ҡB: Nuclear factor-kappa B; PAMP: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns; RAGE: Receptor for advanced glycation end products; SAPK: Stress-activated protein kinase; STAT: Signal transducer and activator of transcription; TIRAP: Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein.