Effectiveness of biologics for endoscopic healing in patients with isolated proximal small bowel Crohn’s disease

Figure 1 Representative of balloon-assisted enteroscopy images with modified Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s disease scores of 1, 2, or 3. A: Small ulcers; B: Large ulcer; C: Very large ulcer; D: Ulcerated surface < 10%; E: Ulcerated surface 10%-30%; F: Ulcerated surface > 30%; G: Single stenosis which can be passed; H: Multiple stenosis which can be passed; I: Stenosis which could not be passed.

Figure 2 The flow of enrolled patients in this study. Active endoscopic disease was defined as having a modified simple endoscopic score for Crohn’s disease ≥ 3, accompanied by any size ulcer. BAE: Balloon-assisted enteroscopy; SB: Small bowel; CD: Crohn’s disease; SES-CD: Simple endoscopic score for Crohn’s disease.

Figure 3 The rates of endoscopic healing, endoscopic response, and ulcer healing in patients with isolated proximal small bowel Crohn’s disease after 1 year of biologic therapy. ^aP < 0.05.

Figure 4 The ability of infliximab, ustekinumab, and vedolizumab to achieve endoscopic outcomes in patients with isolated proximal small bowel Crohn’s disease after 1 year of therapy. A: Complete; B: Jejunum; C: Proximal ileum. ^aP < 0.05.

Figure 5 The likelihood of achieving complete endoscopic healing is stratified by the number of risk factors. Stricturing or penetrating behavior, prior exposure to biologics, and moderate-to-severe endoscopic disease were identified as risk factors for achieving complete endoscopic healing.