Endoscopic full-thickness resection: A definitive solution for local complete resection of small rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms

Figure 1 Endoscopic submucosal dissection. A: A pale yellow mass with a diameter of about 4.8 mm in the rectum; B: Electrocoagulation marking in the peritumoral area by using the front end of the electrosurgical snare; C: Submucosal injection of the mass with an injection needle; D: Wound surface after the removal of the mass; E: Wound clipping with Sureclips after mass resection; F: The resected mass for pathological evaluation.

Figure 2 Endoscopic full thickness resection. A: A pale yellow mass with a diameter of about 8 mm in the rectum; B: Electrocoagulation marking in the peritumoral area by using the front end of the electrosurgical knife and submucosal injection of the mass with an injection needle; C: Full thickness resection of the mass with electrosurgical knife; D: Wound surface after the removal of the mass; E: Wound clipping with Sureclips after mass resection; F: The resected mass for pathological evaluation.

Figure 3 Infiltration depth measurement diagram. EFTR: Endoscopic full-thickness resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Figure 4 Pathological images of surgical and endoscopic full-thickness resection specimens. EFTR: Endoscopic full-thickness resection.