Correlation of molecular alterations with pathological features in hepatocellular carcinoma: Literature review and experience of an Italian center

Figure 1 Main cellular pathways and clinical implications of TERT mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma. Created with BioRender.com. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.

Figure 2 Main cellular pathways and clinical implications of CTNNB1 mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma. Created with BioRender.com. APC: Adenomatous polyposis coli; DSH: Disheveled; GSK: Glycogen synthase kinase; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; LEF: Lymphoid enhancing factor; TCF: T-cell factor.

Figure 3 Main cellular pathways and clinical implications of TP53 mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma. Created with BioRender.com. HBV: Hepatitis B virus.

Figure 4 Steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinomas and clear cell carcinoma and their molecular features. Hematoxylin-eosin stain ( 10 magnification). HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Figure 5 Macrotrabecular massive hepatocellular carcinomas and scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma and their molecular features. Hematoxylin-eosin stain ( 10 magnification). HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; TGF: Transforming growth factor.

Figure 6 Representation of our data based on the number of samples grouped according to their mutational status.

Figure 7 A case from our series of high-grade (Edmondson’s 4) hepatocellular carcinoma, with tumor giant cells and macrotrabecular architecture. Left boxes: coexistent TERT and TP53 mutations detected by next-generation sequencing analysis; Right boxes: Hematoxylin-eosin stain ( 10 and 20 magnification). HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.