Palmitoylation in Crohn’s disease: Current status and future directions

Figure 1 Protein S-palmitoylation. A: The ZDHHC-type palmitoyltransferases are integral membrane proteins with at least four transmembrane helices. The cysteine rich domain containing the DHHC motif is between the second and third transmembrane helices; B: Scheme showing the palmitoylation and depalmitoylation process. ZDHHC are self-palmitoylated first before transferring the palmitoyl group to substrate proteins. Depalmitoylation is catalyzed by the alpha/beta hydrolases.

Figure 2 Commonly used methods for detecting S-palmitoylation. A: Scheme showing how acyl-biotin exchange (ABE), acyl-resin assisted capture (acyl-RAC), and acyl-PEG exchange (APE) work; B: Scheme showing how metabolic labeling with alkyne-tagged fatty acid analogs works. ABE: Acyl-biotin exchange; acyl-RAC: Acyl-resin assisted capture; APE: Acyl-PEG exchange.