Abdominal cocoon in children: A case report and review of literature

Figure 1 Flow chart and classification for encapsulating bowel diseases. EPS: Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis; CPE: Congenital peritoneal encapsulation.

Figure 2 Stages of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis with associated clinical, serologic, and intestinal findings. EPS: Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis; CRP: C-reactive protein.

Figure 3  PRSIMA Flow chart showing the results of the literature search.

Figure 4 Diagnostic imaging. A: X-ray with lateral abdominal view showing some air fluid levels; B: Magnetic resonance imaging in coronal plane with distended duodenum and small bowel loops with multiple intraluminal air fluid levels and thickened walls.

Figure 5  The small bowel is shortened, considerably thickened, and covered with a fibrous membrane, which separates and constricts the entire small intestine from approximately 10 cm distal to Treitz's ligament to approximately 5 cm proximal to the ileocecal junction.

Figure 6  Microscopic findings showed partially mesothelium-covered, predominantly edematous loosened fiber-rich connective tissue with prominent, predominantly small vessels with prominent endothelial lining with hyperchromatic oval nuclei.