Efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological interventions for irritable bowel syndrome in adults

Figure 1 Flow diagram. IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome; RCTs: Randomized controlled trials.

Figure 2 Risk of bias graph.

Figure 3 Network evidence of four endpoints. A: Overall clinical efficacy; B: Irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity scale; C: Self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale; D: Adverse effects.

Figure 4 Surface under the cumulative ranking curve plot of overall clinical efficacy.

Figure 5 Heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis. A: Heterogeneity analysis; B: Sensitivity analysis. CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio.

Figure 6 Funnel plot of overall clinical efficacy. BFT: Biofeedback therapy; RPs: Routine pharmacotherapies.

Figure 7 Surface under the cumulative ranking curve plot of irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity scale.

Figure 8 Surface under the cumulative ranking curve plot of self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale. A: Self-rating anxiety scale; B: Self-rating depression scale.

Figure 9 Surface under the cumulative ranking curve plot of adverse effects.

Figure 10 Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation quality grading assessment.