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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastroenterol. May 28, 2020; 26(20): 2550-2558
Published online May 28, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i20.2550
Figure 1
Figure 1 Pathophysiology of gastrointestinal bleeding in left ventricular assist device patients. LVAD: Left ventricular assist device; vWF: von Willebrand factor.
Figure 2
Figure 2 Treatment algorithm for left ventricular assist device-related gastrointestinal bleeding. Angiogram and tagged RBC scan are two common imaging modality to elucidate locations of bleed for further intervention. Iron deficiency is a common with chronic hemolysis in left ventricular assist device patients. Iron replacement can be initiated after checking iron studies. LVAD: Left ventricular assist device; GI: Gastrointestinal.