Precision surgical approach with lymph-node dissection in early gastric cancer

Figure 1 Standard surgery for early gastric cancer. A: Distal partial gastrectomy D1+; B: Total gastrectomy D1+.

Figure 2 Pylorus-preserving gastrectomy D1+.

Figure 3 Proximal gastrectomy D1+.

Figure 4 Reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy. A: Additional anti-reflux procedures for esophagogastric anastomosis; B: Gastric tube reconstruction; C: Double-flap technique (Kamikawa method); D: Double tract reconstruction; E: Jejunal interposition; F: Jejunal pouch interposition.

Figure 5 Function-preserving radical gastrectomy derived by sentinel node biopsy. A: Mini-proximal gastrectomy; B: High segmental gastrectomy; C: Segmental gastrectomy; D: Mini-distal gastrectomy; E: Local resection of stomach.