Effect of biofilm formation by clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori on the efflux-mediated resistance to commonly used antibiotics

Figure 1 Polymerase chain reaction products of hefA (162 bp), hp1165 (117 bp) and 16S rRNA genes on 1. 5% agarose gel. A: Detection of hefA gene: 1: 100 bp size marker, 2: Control, 3: Hp932 strain, 4: Hp141 strain; B: Detection of hp1165 gene: 1: HP70 strain, 2: Control, 3: Size marker, 4: Hp932 strain, 5: Hp141 strain; C: Detection of 16S rRNA gene: 1: Hp932 strain, 2: Hp141 strain, 3: Hp70 strain, 4: Control, 5: Size marker.

Figure 2 Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products of hp1165 (117 bp), hefA (162 bp), and 16S rRNA (136 bp) genes in biofilm-forming (B) and planktonic (P) populations on 1. 5% agarose gel. A: Detection of hp1165 gene: 1: Hp141 strain (B), 2: Hp141 strain (P), 3: Hp932 strain (B), 4: Hp932 strain (P), 5: 100 bp size marker; B: Detection of hp1165 gene: 1-2: Hp70 strain (B), 3: Hp70 strain (P), 4: Size marker; C: Detection of hefA gene: 1: Size marker, 2: Hp932 strain (B), 3: Hp932 strain (P), 4: Hp141 strain (B), Hp141 strain (P), 5: Hp70 strain (B), 6: Hp70 strain (P); D: Detection of 16S rRNA gene: 1: Hp932 strain (B), 2: Hp932 strain (P), 3: Hp141 strain (B), 4: Hp141 strain (P), 5: Hp70 strain (B), 6: Hp70 strain (P), 7: Size marker.

Figure 3 Expression rates of Helicobacter pylori efflux pump genes, hefA and hp1165. Data are expressed as the means of multiple experiments ± standard deviation. Significantly different (^aP≤ 0.05) relative to the mRNA expression level (planktonic vs biofilm-forming).