Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 21, 2015; 21(11): 3197-3205
Published online Mar 21, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i11.3197
Figure 1
Figure 1 Proposed mechanisms for the development of hyponatremia. SNS: Sympathetic nervous system; RAAS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; NO: Nitric oxide; RES: Reticuloendothelial system; PG: Prostaglandin; AVP: Arginine vasopressin; ADH: Antidiuretic hormone.
Figure 2
Figure 2 Mechanisms involved in the splanchnic vasodilation in cirrhosis. ADH: Antidiuretic hormone.
Figure 3
Figure 3 Mechanism of action of vaptans. AVP: Arginine vasopressin; AQP2: Aquaporin-2; AQP3: Aquaporin-3; AQP4: Aquaporin-4.