Perioperative restricted fluid therapy preserves immunological function in patients with colorectal cancer

Figure 1 CONSORT diagram for the trial. R group: Restricted fluid therapy group; S group: Standard fluid therapy group.

Figure 2 Evolution of intravenous fluids received by the patients in two groups. Data are mean ± SD. POD: Postoperative day; HAES: Hydroxyethyl starch; R group: Restricted fluid therapy group; S group: Standard fluid therapy group. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 R group vs S group.

Figure 3 Body weight changes in the first 3 d after surgery in two groups. Data are mean ± SD. POD: Postoperative day; R group: Restricted fluid therapy group; S group: Standard fluid therapy group. ^bP < 0.01 R group vs S group.

Figure 4 Evolution of peripheral blood CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratios and Treg percentage values in two groups. Data are mean ± SD. POP: Pre-operation; POD: Postoperative day; R group: Restricted fluid therapy group; S group: Standard fluid therapy group. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 R group vs S group.