Is hepatitis B-virucidal validation of biocides possible with the use of surrogates?

Figure 1 Primary duck embryonic hepatocytes grown in CeLLBIND^TM plates at day 3 of cultivation. Monolayers of hepatocytes, which show typical polygonal morphology, are interrupted by areas of non-parenchymal cells (light microscopy, phase contrast, x 200).

Figure 2 Detection of duck hepatitis B virus-specific surface antigen six days after inoculation of primary duck embryonic hepatocytes by indirect immunofluorescence. Polyvalent rabbit anti-DHBs (kindly provided by Dr. D. Glebe, Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Centre for Hepatitis B and D, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany) and goat anti-rabbit IgG Alexa Fluor^® 488 (Life Technologies, Darmstadt, Germany) were used as antibodies (fluorescence microscopy, x 125).