Effects of different resuscitation fluid on severe acute pancreatitis

Figure 1 Effect of different resuscitation fluids on changes in intra-abdominal pressure in severe acute pancreatitis. Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was indirectly measured via a bladder catheter during 7 d and performed twice daily. All of the patients had intra-abdominal hypertension on d 1 (IAP > 10 mmHg). ^aP < 0.05 vs normal saline (NS group). SH group: Combination of normal saline and hydroxyethyl starch; SHG group: Combination of normal saline, hydroxyethyl starch and glutamine; ACS: Abdominal compartment syndrome; IAH: Intra-abdominal hypertension.

Figure 2 Effect of different resuscitation fluids on circulation oxygen supply and microcirculation perfusion. A: Effect of different fluids on circulation oxygen supply was evaluated with pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂) by automatic monitoring; B: Microcirculation perfusion was assessed with gastric intramucosal pH value (pHi) by Tonocap monitor. ^aP < 0.05 vs normal saline (NS group). SH group: Combination of normal saline and hydroxyethyl starch; SHG group: Combination of normal saline, hydroxyethyl starch and glutamine.

Figure 3 Effects of different resuscitation fluids on serum cytokine and C-reactive protein. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (A), interleukin (IL)-8 (B) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (C) concentration was evaluated by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay. ^aP < 0.05 vs normal saline (NS) group; ^cP < 0.05 vs combination of normal saline and hydroxyethyl starch (SH group). SHG group: Combination of normal saline, hydroxyethyl starch and glutamine.

Figure 4 Effect of different fluids on intestinal mucosa barrier function. A: Lactulose/mannitol (L/M) ratio of urine in normal saline (NS group), combination of normal saline and hydroxyethyl starch (SH group) and combination of normal saline, hydroxyethyl starch and glutamine (SHG group) was measured by Hi-Crush Partners LP; B: Serum endotoxin in different groups was detected by quantitative chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate assay reagent. ^aP < 0.05 vs NS group; ^cP < 0.05 vs SH group.