Lifestyle-related disease in Crohn’s disease: Relapse prevention by a semi-vegetarian diet

Figure 1 Nutritional elements of brown rice in comparison with white rice[50]. The amount of elements in 100 g of edible food is expressed in comparison with those in white rice, whose value is 1. Brown rice is richer in almost all elements in comparison. En: Energy; Pr: Protein; F: Fat; CH: Carbohydrate; E: Vitamin E; B1: Vitamin B1; B2: Vitamin B2; NI: Niacin; B6: Vitamin B6; FA: Folic acid; PA: Pantothenic acid; DF: Dietary fiber.

Figure 2 A sample of a 1700-kcal/d semi-vegetarian diet (SVD) for Crohn’s disease (CD). From left to right, breakfast (A), lunch (B), and dinner (C). Boiled brown rice is seen at the bottom left of the tray and miso (fermented bean paste) soup is at the bottom right. Breakfast (A): Raw grated nagaimo (yam) and shredded toasted nori seaweed are at the top left; natto (fermented soybeans) and grated daikon (Japanese radish) are at the top right; and braised hijiki seaweed, nama-age (thick deep-fried beancurd), and edamame (young soybeans) are in the center; Lunch (B): Boiled potato, onion, and corn in tomato soup are at the top left; isomaki-tamago (dried nori seaweed inside egg roll) and boiled chrysanthemum with sesame dressing are at the top right; takuan (pickled radish) is in the center; and a mixture of banana and plain yoghurt is at the bottom right; Dinner (C): Boiled chingensai (qing gin cai), soybeans, and wakame seaweed with vinegar soy sauce dressing are at the top left; simmered ganmodoki (bean-curd-based mixture), tofu (bean curd), boiled egg, Japanese-variety eggplant, Japanese butterbur, Japanese-variety pumpkin, and snow peas are at the top right; and citrus fruit is in the center.

Figure 3 SVD food guide pyramid.

Figure 4 Life table estimate of maintaining remission with SVD or omnivorous diet.