Management of bleeding from pseudoaneurysms following pancreaticoduodenectomy

Figure 1 Number of cases based on the onset of pseudoaneurysm rupture.

Figure 2 Flow chart summarizing the outcome of patients with hemorrhage from ruptured pseudoaneurysms. DIC: Disseminated intravascular coagulation; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Figure 3 Angiograph. A: A pseudoaneurysm (arrow) of the gastroduodenal artery; B: A pseudoaneurysm (arrow) of the right hepatic artery; C: A ruptured pseudoaneurysm (arrow) of the right gastric artery.

Figure 4 Abdominal CT scan. A: Liver abscess that may have developed after common hepatic artery embolization (arrow); B: An area of liver infarction following common hepatic artery embolization (arrow).

Figure 5 Angiograph. A: A stent graft of the common hepatic artery placed to manage the gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm (arrow); B: A stent graft insertion for a pseudoaneurysm in the superior mesenteric artery (arrow).