Honokiol: A potent chemotherapy candidate for human colorectal carcinoma

Figure 1 Chemical structure of honokiol (C₁₈H₁₈O₂, MW = 266. 33).

Figure 2 Concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of RKO cells exposed to honokiol shown by MTT assay. (A) RKO cells were plated in quadruplicate in 96-well plates and treated with increasing concentrations of honokiol for 68 h. (B) RKO cells treated with 5, 10 and 15 μg/mL of honokiol were tested at different time points.

Figure 3 Differences in vehicle or honokiol induced apoptotic DNA laddering of RKO cells. lane 1: control; lane 2: 5 μg/mL; lane 3: 10 μg/mL; lane 4: 15 μg/mL.

Figure 4 Apoptosis of RKO cells detected by FCM. (A) control; (B) 5 μg/mL; (C) 10 μg/mL; (D) 15 μg/mL.

Figure 5 Western blot analysis for the expression of Caspase-3 and -9 in human colorectal carcinoma cell line RKO cells. Lane 1: vehicle; lane 2: 5 μg/mL; lane 3: 10 μg/mL.

Figure 6 Cytocidal effect of honokiol on the growth of primary cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, primary hu-man fibroblast cells and human lymphocytes.

Figure 7 Honokiol concentration in plasma of BALB/c mice.

Figure 8 Effect of honokiol on the growth of xenografted RKO in Balb/c nude mice. The Y-axis represents tumor volume, X-axis represents time (day) after RKO cell inoculation.