Controversies in fecal incontinence

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i3.97963

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Jan 21, 2025 (publication date) through Dec 24, 2024

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Jan 21, 2025; 31(3): 97963
Published online Jan 21, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i3.97963

Controversies in fecal incontinence

Andreia Albuquerque, Satish S C Rao

Andreia Albuquerque, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Gondomar 4420-096, Porto, Portugal

Andreia Albuquerque, Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management Research Group RISE@CI-IPO (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto 4200-072, Portugal

Satish S C Rao, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States

Author contributions: Albuquerque A conceived the article, conducted the literature search, wrote the manuscript, and was responsible for the submission; Rao SSC revised the manuscript for important intellectual content.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: Andreia Albuquerque, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Professor, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Av. Fernando Pessoa 150, Gondomar 4420-096, Porto, Portugal. a.albuquerque.dias@gmail.com

Received: June 13, 2024
Revised: November 1, 2024
Accepted: November 26, 2024
Published online: January 21, 2025
Processing time: 189 Days and 11.8 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: In this article we will discuss some controversies and novel approaches to diagnosing and treating fecal incontinence, namely screening for asymptomatic anal sphincter defects, new incontinence scores, novel tests such as translumbosacral anorectal magnetic stimulation and novel therapies such as translumbosacral neuromodulation, home biofeedback therapy, skeletal muscle-derived cell implantation and unconventional indications for sacral neuromodulation.