Guidelines
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 14, 2025; 31(14): 104397
Published online Apr 14, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i14.104397
Clinical settings in which human leukocyte antigen typing is still useful in the diagnosis of celiac disease
Enrico Schirru, Rossano Rossino, Rita D Jores, Mara Corpino, Sandro Muntoni, Francesco Cucca, Mauro Congia
Enrico Schirru, University Service Center for Animal Facility (CeSASt), University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Sardinia, Italy
Rossano Rossino, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Sardegna, Italy
Rossano Rossino, Mara Corpino, Mauro Congia, Department of Pediatrics, Clinic of Pediatric and Rare Diseases, Microcitemico Pediatric Hospital, A.Cao, ASL8, Cagliari 09121, Sardegna, Italy
Rita D Jores, Department Outpatient Clinic, ASL8 Outpatient Clinic, Quartu Sant’Elena 09045, Sardegna, Italy
Sandro Muntoni, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Sardegna, Italy
Francesco Cucca, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Sardegna, Italy
Author contributions: Schirru E, Congia M, and Jores RD contributed to the conception and design of the work; Corpino M and Muntoni S worked on the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of the data; Cucca F and Congia M collaborated in drafting the work and in its critical revision; Schirru E, Rossino R, Jores RD, Corpino M, Muntoni S, Cucca F, and Congia M read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Supported by Fondazione di Sardegna, No. 2020.2284.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Mauro Congia, MD, Doctor, Department of Pediatrics, Clinic of Pediatric and Rare Diseases, Microcitemico Pediatric Hospital, A.Cao, ASL8, Via Jenner Cagliari, Cagliari 09121, Sardegna, Italy. maurocongia1957@gmail.com
Received: December 19, 2024
Revised: February 1, 2025
Accepted: March 21, 2025
Published online: April 14, 2025
Processing time: 113 Days and 9.4 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: This guide explained how to interpret human leukocyte antigens (HLA) genetics associated with celiac disease (CD) and the different clinical situations where HLA genotyping can be useful in the diagnosis of CD. It also provided a strategy based on HLA genotyping for monitoring patients with CD at risk for the future development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Only a subset of HLA genotypes linked to CD is associated with the development of T1D. Interestingly, some HLA genotypes that carry a high risk for CD may offer protection against T1D. Therefore, HLA genotyping in patients with CD could help in identifying those at high risk for T1D, enabling proactive interventions and therapies to preserve beta cell function.