Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Dec 21, 2023; 29(47): 6095-6110
Published online Dec 21, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i47.6095
Age-specific causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children
Marija Kocic, Petar Rasic, Vuk Marusic, Dragan Prokic, Djordje Savic, Maja Milickovic, Ivana Kitic, Tanja Mijovic, Adrijan Sarajlija
Marija Kocic, Dragan Prokic, Ivana Kitic, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic”, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
Petar Rasic, Djordje Savic, Maja Milickovic, Tanja Mijovic, Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic”, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
Vuk Marusic, Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
Dragan Prokic, Djordje Savic, Maja Milickovic, Ivana Kitic, Adrijan Sarajlija, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
Adrijan Sarajlija, Pediatric Day Care Hospital Department, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic”, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
Adrijan Sarajlija, Faculty of Medicine, University of Eastern Sarajevo, Foča 73300, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Author contributions: Kocic M, Rasic P, Marusic V, Prokic D, Savic D, and Sarajlija A significantly contributed to the conceptualization, design, and data consolidation of the study; Rasic P, Marusic V, and Sarajlija A critically revised the article; Kocic M, Rasic P, Marusic V, Milickovic M, Kitic I, and Mijovic T conducted the literature search, data collection, and manuscript drafting; and all authors approved the final manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Petar Rasic, MD, Surgeon, Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic”, Radoja Dakica 6-8, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. perasrv@yahoo.com
Received: July 25, 2023
Peer-review started: July 25, 2023
First decision: October 23, 2023
Revised: November 5, 2023
Accepted: December 1, 2023
Article in press: December 1, 2023
Published online: December 21, 2023
Processing time: 146 Days and 7.1 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: This review provides general and comprehensive epidemiological data, overviewing the most common causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in children, in different age groups. The relevant literature in English on pediatric UGIB was searched until 2022, with special reference to age-related causes, unusual and rare causes, and risk factors. The literature search was performed using Medline via PubMed database (www.pubmed.gov), Google Scholar (www.scholar.google.com) and Cochrane Database, using the following terms: “neonates and infants” and “upper gastrointestinal bleeding”; “children” and “upper gastrointestinal bleeding”; “children” and “upper gastrointestinal bleeding” and “unusual causes”; “infants and children” and “upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage” and “unusual causes”.