Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 28, 2023; 29(40): 5566-5581
Published online Oct 28, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i40.5566
Clinical significance of programmed cell death-ligand expression in small bowel adenocarcinoma is determined by the tumor microenvironment
Aitoshi Hoshimoto, Atsushi Tatsuguchi, Ryohei Hamakubo, Takayoshi Nishimoto, Jun Omori, Naohiko Akimoto, Shu Tanaka, Shunji Fujimori, Tsutomu Hatori, Akira Shimizu, Katsuhiko Iwakiri
Aitoshi Hoshimoto, Atsushi Tatsuguchi, Ryohei Hamakubo, Takayoshi Nishimoto, Jun Omori, Naohiko Akimoto, Shu Tanaka, Shunji Fujimori, Katsuhiko Iwakiri, Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
Aitoshi Hoshimoto, Atsushi Tatsuguchi, Akira Shimizu, Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
Tsutomu Hatori, Department of Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba 270-1694, Japan
Author contributions: Hoshimoto A designed and performed the research and wrote the paper; Tatsuguchi A designed the research and contributed to the analysis; Hamakubo R, Nishimoto T, Omori J, Akimoto N, Tanaka S, Fujimori S, and Hatori T provided clinical advice; Shimizu A and Iwakiri K supervised the report; All authors have read and approve the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Nippon Medical School Institutional Review Board (Approval No. B-2020-164).
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset available from the corresponding author at tachan@nms.ac.jp. Participants gave informed consent for data sharing.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Atsushi Tatsuguchi, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan. tachan@nms.ac.jp
Received: August 14, 2023
Peer-review started: August 14, 2023
First decision: September 19, 2023
Revised: October 4, 2023
Accepted: October 23, 2023
Article in press: October 23, 2023
Published online: October 28, 2023
Processing time: 74 Days and 9.4 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: We investigated the clinicopathological significance of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) expression in association with the infiltration of FoxP3+ and CD8+ T cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME) to identify PD-L/PD-1 immunotherapy candidates among patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA). We demonstrated that the status of the TME affects the clinical significance of PD-L1 and PD-L2. PD-L2 may be associated with poor prognosis of SBA patients with a high immune cell infiltration.