Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 21, 2023; 29(27): 4289-4316
Published online Jul 21, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4289
Stomach perforation-induced general occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy effect
Luka Kalogjera, Ivan Krezic, Ivan Maria Smoday, Hrvoje Vranes, Helena Zizek, Haidi Yago, Katarina Oroz, Vlasta Vukovic, Ivana Kavelj, Luka Novosel, Slavica Zubcic, Ivan Barisic, Lidija Beketic Oreskovic, Sanja Strbe, Marko Sever, Ivica Sjekavica, Anita Skrtic, Alenka Boban Blagaic, Sven Seiwerth, Predrag Sikiric
Luka Kalogjera, Ivan Krezic, Ivan Maria Smoday, Hrvoje Vranes, Helena Zizek, Haidi Yago, Katarina Oroz, Vlasta Vukovic, Ivana Kavelj, Luka Novosel, Slavica Zubcic, Ivan Barisic, Sanja Strbe, Marko Sever, Ivica Sjekavica, Alenka Boban Blagaic, Predrag Sikiric, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
Lidija Beketic Oreskovic, Division of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
Anita Skrtic, Sven Seiwerth, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
Author contributions: Kalogjera L and Smoday IM contributed to conceptualization; Zizek H, Vukovic V, and Strbe S contributed to methodology; Sikiric P, Skrtic A, and Seiwerth S contributed to writing-original draft preparation, review, and editing; Boban Blagaic A and Beketic Oreskovic L contributed to visualization; Oroz K, Yago H, and Zubcic S contributed to investigation; Krezic I, Vranes H, and Barisic I contributed to formal analysis; Sjekavica I contributed to resources; Kavelj I, Novosel L, and Sever M contributed to validation.
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: This research was reviewed and approved by the Local Ethic Committee (Approval No. 380-59-10106-17-100/290).
Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.
ARRIVE guidelines statement: The authors have read the ARRIVE guidelines, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the ARRIVE guidelines.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Predrag Sikiric, MD, PhD, Full Professor, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, 11 Salata, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. sikiric@mef.hr
Received: February 19, 2023
Peer-review started: February 19, 2023
First decision: May 23, 2023
Revised: June 1, 2023
Accepted: June 19, 2023
Article in press: June 19, 2023
Published online: July 21, 2023
Processing time: 143 Days and 21.1 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Rats with perforated stomachs exhibited the rapidly emerging severe occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome, an innate general vascular and multiorgan failure, peripherally and centrally. The pentadecapeptide BPC 157 application into stomach defects was efficacious therapy. With an activated azygos vein-rescuing pathway, there was cause-consequence counteraction of lesions in the brain (swelling, hemorrhage), heart (congestion), lung (hemorrhage), and congestion in the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. Whole occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome, arrhythmias, blood pressure disturbances (intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal and caval hypertension, and aortal hypotension), major vessel failure, and widespread thrombosis, Virchow triad circumstances peripherally and centrally were all attenuated/eliminated by BPC 157 therapy.