Gnodi E, Meneveri R, Barisani D. Celiac disease: From genetics to epigenetics. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28(4): 449-463 [PMID: 35125829 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i4.449]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Donatella Barisani, MD, MSc, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy. donatella.barisani@unimib.it
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Elisa Gnodi, Raffaella Meneveri, Donatella Barisani, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
Author contributions: Gnodi E, Meneveri R and Barisani D contributed to literature review, critical interpretation of articles, manuscript draft and manuscript revision; Barisani D supervised the work.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Donatella Barisani, MD, MSc, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy. donatella.barisani@unimib.it
Received: April 18, 2021 Peer-review started: April 18, 2021 First decision: June 3, 2021 Revised: June 16, 2021 Accepted: January 11, 2022 Article in press: January 11, 2022 Published online: January 28, 2022
Core Tip
Core Tip: Currently identified genes account only for half of celiac disease (CeD) predisposition. An important role could be played by epigenetics, inheritable traits without DNA sequence alterations, which could be influenced by gluten exposure. DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs act on different gene expression steps, from gene transcription to post-translational ones. Epigenetic changes can be additional predisposition factors or specific of CeD stages (active disease, gluten-free diet) as recently reported. Analysis of epigenetic data and their integration with transcriptome (by machine learning) can help to stratify patients, or discover new players in CeD pathogenesis, possible focus of novel therapeutic approaches.
